Open Decision Ledger · Rehabilitation & bankruptcy
Whether provisional execution may be attached to a monetary payment claim joined with an avoidance action under the Corporate Reorganization Act
Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean
Supreme Court, Mar. 13, 2000, 99Geu90 (ruling)
Case name: 강제집행정지
Official text on the National Law Information Center
Question
Where the trustee, in an avoidance action, also seeks payment of money as restitution and obtains a favorable judgment, may provisional execution be attached to the monetary payment portion even before the avoidance judgment becomes final and conclusive?
Holding
It may. The right of avoidance may be exercised not only by an action but also by a prompt and simplified claim or defense of avoidance, and the provisional execution system is intended to deter abuse of the right to appeal and to guarantee prompt enforcement of rights. Accordingly, where a monetary payment claim joined with an avoidance action is upheld, provisional execution may be allowed on the monetary payment portion.
Summary of the holding, verbatim
부인의 소와 병합하여 금전의 지급을 구하는 경우 그 청구를 인용할 때에는 금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대하여는 가집행을 허용할 수 있는 것으로 해석함이 타당하다.
Unofficial English translation
Where a claim for payment of money is joined with an action for avoidance, it is proper to construe that, when such claim is upheld, provisional execution may be granted for the part ordering payment of money.
Disposition
Reversed and remanded Stated in the decision
원심결정을 파기하고, 사건을 서울지방법원 본원 합의부에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The order of the court below is reversed and the case is remanded to the collegiate panel of the Seoul District Court main court.
Form of the test
Elements stated Stated in the decision
금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대하여는 가집행을 허용할 수 있는 것으로 해석함이 타당하다
Unofficial English translation
it is proper to construe that provisional execution may be granted for the part ordering payment of money
Factors
- 정리절차 개시결정 이전에 부당하게 처분된 회사 재산을 회복함으로써
- 소, 부인의 청구 또는 항변에 의하여 관리인이 이를 행사한다
- 상소권의 남용을 억제하고 신속한 권리실행을 허용함으로써
- 금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대하여는 가집행을 허용할 수 있는
Unofficial English translation
• by restoring company property that was improperly disposed of prior to the commencement decision of the reorganization proceedings,
• the administrator exercises this right by an action, claim for avoidance, or defense;
• by curbing abuse of the right to appeal and permitting swift enforcement of rights,
• provisional execution may be granted for the part ordering payment of money
Relation to precedent
States a new standard Read from the decision
금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대한 가집행의 허용 여부(적극)
Unofficial English translation
Whether provisional execution may be granted for the part ordering payment of money (affirmative)
Decisions referred to
None listed
Burden of proof
Not addressed Not in the decision
Open question and revisit condition
Under the current Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act, is provisional execution likewise allowed, for the same reasons, on a claim for restitution joined with an avoidance action, and if the avoidance judgment is set aside on appeal, how is the effect of the provisional execution to be dealt with?
If the provisions of the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act governing the exercise of the right of avoidance, or the provisions of the Civil Procedure Act governing provisional execution, are amended, this reading will be checked again.
Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check
6 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-16
When compared with an independent reading by another AI family (GPT-6 Astra), which read only the original text without seeing the first reading, 6 of the 8 axes matched, and the readings diverged on Axis 6 (Relation to precedent) and Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition).
Axis 6 (Relation to precedent): Primary “States a new standard” vs Independent “Cannot be determined”
The fact that the original text derives the criterion for allowing provisional execution from the purpose of the system may be read as stating a new standard, but since the relationship with earlier precedent is not made explicit in the text provided, it may also be read as cannot be determined.
금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대한 가집행의 허용 여부(적극)Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “Under the current Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act, is provisional execution likewise allowed, for the same reasons, on a claim for restitution joined with an avoidance action, and if the avoidance judgment is set aside on appeal, how is the effect of the provisional execution to be dealt with?” vs Independent “May provisional execution also be allowed where, joined with the avoidance action, the return of property other than money is sought?”
The first reading asks about application under current law and about the treatment of provisional execution after a set-aside on appeal, whereas the independent reading asks whether provisional execution is possible in respect of the return of property other than money.
부인의 소와 병합하여 금전의 지급을 구하는 경우 그 청구를 인용할 때에는 금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대하여는 가집행을 허용할 수 있는 것으로 해석함이 타당하다.Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)
Lower-court contrast & scope of application
Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding
Lower-court context: The court below held that an action seeking a declaration of avoidance is a constitutive action in which the effect of avoidance arises upon the judgment becoming final and conclusive, and that the claim for restitution arises only once the effect of avoidance has arisen; it therefore concluded that no provisional execution could be allowed on a judgment for performance ordering restitution at a point in time before the avoidance judgment became final and conclusive. Accordingly, upon Pohang Integrated Iron and Steel Co.'s application to stay compulsory execution in respect of the provisional execution of the judgment ordering payment of KRW 64.1 billion and delay damages, the court below granted the application without requiring security.
Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court held that, in view of the diversity of methods by which the right of avoidance may be exercised and the purpose of the provisional execution system, provisional execution may be allowed on the monetary payment portion, and stated that the Supreme Court decision relied on by the court below concerned a different matter. Holding that the order of the court below, which granted the application to stay compulsory execution on the ground that provisional execution was not allowed, involved a misapprehension of the legal principles governing avoidance under the Corporate Reorganization Act, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded the case.
Distinguishing conditions
- A case in which only a declaration of avoidance is sought and no claim for performance, such as a monetary payment, is joined
- A case in which the claim for restitution takes the form of seeking a declaration of intent, such as cancellation of a registration, rather than payment of money
- A case in which the reorganization procedure has been concluded and the trustee's right of avoidance itself has ceased to exist
Record verification notes
Before asserting provisional execution, it needs to be checked whether the joined claim is a claim for performance ordering payment of money, and whether the reorganization procedure is still pending.
From the official text
Points at issue
회사정리법 제82조 소정의 부인의 소와 병합하여 금전의 지급을 구하는 경우, 금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대한 가집행의 허용 여부(적극)
Unofficial English translation
Whether provisional execution may be granted for the part ordering payment of money where a claim for payment of money is joined with an action for avoidance under Article 82 of the Corporate Reorganization Act (affirmative)
Summary of the holding
회사정리법 제78조에서 정한 부인권은 정리절차 개시결정 이전에 부당하게 처분된 회사 재산을 회복함으로써 회사사업을 유지·갱생시키고자 인정된 회사정리법상의 특유한 제도로서, 같은 법 제82조에 의하면 부인권은 소, 부인의 청구 또는 항변에 의하여 관리인이 이를 행사한다고 규정함으로써 관리인으로서는 부인의 소를 제기하는 대신 그보다 신속·간이한 결정절차로 부인의 청구를 할 수도 있고, 정리채권자 등이 제기한 정리채권확정의 소 등에서는 부인의 항변을 제기하여 부인의 효과를 얻을 수도 있도록 되어 있으며, 한편 가집행의 선고는 상소권의 남용을 억제하고 신속한 권리실행을 허용함으로써 국민의 재산권과 신속한 재판을 받을 권리를 보장하기 위한 제도이므로, 이러한 가집행제도의 취지와 부인권을 소제기의 방법 외에 부인의 청구 또는 항변 등으로도 행사할 수 있는 점 등을 고려하면, 부인의 소와 병합하여 금전의 지급을 구하는 경우 그 청구를 인용할 때에는 금전지급을 명하는 부분에 대하여는 가집행을 허용할 수 있는 것으로 해석함이 타당하다.
Order
원심결정을 파기하고, 사건을 서울지방법원 본원 합의부에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The order of the court below is reversed and the case is remanded to the collegiate panel of the Seoul District Court main court.
Provisions referred to
회사정리법 제78조, 제82조, 민사소송법 제199조
Read 2026-10-16 · Cross-read 2026-10-16. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.
Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.
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