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Practice Reviews ↗Research pairs and in-depth case analyses. Follow the facts, sources and competing explanations at the length the question needs.
Case Studies ↗This list brings together our questions on the wording of amendment bills, government legislative notices and recently promulgated laws, with the most recent first. Ask what changes, who it reaches and what remains unresolved.
Law Reform ↗The monograph series, and long-form briefs on the issues in decisions on criminal law, economic crime, rehabilitation, capital markets, public law, tax, labor, company law, civil law, family law, military justice, competition and intellectual property, with the statutes they rest on.
Research ↗Fields covered by the Decision Ledger, the Legal Briefs and the practice reviews. Each count is the number of published records in that field.
Obligations and damages, civil procedure and enforcement, property, family and succession.
Decision Ledger 276 · Legal Briefs 20 · Review cards 342
Read in the Decision LedgerBrowse practice reviewsCriminal law, investigation and trial procedure, military criminal law and military justice.
Decision Ledger 310 · Legal Briefs 23 · Review cards 284
Read in the Decision LedgerBrowse practice reviewsRecords and calculations in rehabilitation, bankruptcy and discharge proceedings.
Decision Ledger 128 · Legal Briefs 19 · Review cards 174
Read in the Decision LedgerBrowse practice reviewsDisclosure, market abuse, investor protection and financial contracts.
Decision Ledger 108 · Legal Briefs 20
Read in the Decision LedgerBreach of trust, embezzlement and aggravated economic crime.
Decision Ledger 103 · Legal Briefs 15
Read in the Decision LedgerCorporate governance and directors' liability, fair trade, IP and telecommunications.
Decision Ledger 107 · Legal Briefs 11
Read in the Decision LedgerConstitutional and administrative law, state liability, tax and international tax, labour and industrial accidents.
Decision Ledger 346 · Legal Briefs 29
Read in the Decision LedgerPractice reviews, preparation questions, case studies and law reform questions, in the order they were added.
When an employer has a worker perform work for a third party, when does that relationship amount to worker dispatch governed by the Act on the Protection, etc. of Dispatched Workers?
Read this entryDecision ledger · CriminalDoes a party primary in which members and non-members express their choice among primary candidates fall within the 'primary election conducted by granting voting rights to party members and non-members' in Article 57-3(1) of the Public Official Election Act, need the vote be cast only by marking a ballot paper, does an opinion-poll method also count, and does 'opinion polls relating to an election' in Article 108(5) and (11) of that Act include a poll connected with a primary?
Read this entryDecision ledger · CivilDid Article 13(3) of the former Port Corporation Act Enforcement Decree give a port corporation discretion over whether to pay charges advanced for port facility users, and under Article 11(2) of the Enforcement Rule, can the claim for a given month no longer be made once the 20th of the following month has passed?
Read this entryDecision ledger · Public law & state liabilityWhen does a live interview in a news programme breach the duty of objectivity under the former broadcast review rules, and when does a sanction order requiring disciplinary action against those involved in the programme exceed the bounds of discretion?
Read this entryDecision ledger · LaborHow is a contractually set rest or sleep period classified as working time or break time, what makes a payment normal wages and what does 'fixity' mean, may the holiday allowance under Article 55 of the former Labour Standards Act be computed on normal wages, and may holiday premium pay and overtime premium pay be paid in addition to each other?
Read this entryDecision ledger · Tax & international taxationWhere the tax base for a fiscal year was first reported after the amended Corporate Tax Act took effect on 1 January 2010, and the tax authority reduces that year's losses, is the loss-reduction assessment an administrative disposition that can be challenged in judicial review?
Read this entryA secured loan appears with different amounts in the creditor list, the asset list, and the claim filing. Before discussing the remaining debt, we revisit the basis on which the part covered by the security was separated from the part it cannot cover.
Read the review fileCriminalThe request for inspection and copying sent to the prosecutor after indictment, the bundle of copies actually received, and the list of documents each cover a different range of material. Before saying that material was withheld, we compare the request, the response, and the list on the same basis.
Read the review fileCriminalEach record describing the arrest gives a different time for it, and the time of the detention warrant request is spread across separate papers. Before saying whether the period was exceeded, we revisit which stage each recorded time points to.
Read the review fileCivilA creditor's demand letter arrived four months after the death, but an unopened loan notice had already arrived at the house before then. Before discussing acceptance or renunciation, we revisit which record fixes the day the heir learned that the debts exceeded the assets, and whether any estate property was disposed of in the meantime.
Read the review fileCivilThe same disposition reached the person on three different days: in a registered letter received by a family member, by e-mail, and when the person later read it. Before discussing whether the disposition was lawful, we revisit which record the time limits for an administrative appeal and an administrative lawsuit are counted from.
Read the review fileCivilA message telling the worker not to come in and a notice letter that arrived days later carry different dates and different contents. Before discussing whether the dismissal was justified, we revisit which document states the grounds and the timing of dismissal, and from which day the period for seeking relief is counted.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyA month of supply charges is bundled in one invoice, mixing deliveries made before the application to open rehabilitation proceedings with deliveries made after the application but before commencement. Before characterizing the whole price, we revisit which window each delivery falls in and what form the supply contract took.
Read the review fileCriminalThe statement of a person named as a fellow participant describes the defendant's role in detail, and entry records and call logs match the times in that statement. Before saying the statement is corroborated, we revisit whether the matching parts are the disputed points or points no one disputes.
Read the review fileCivilLong after payment for the goods fell due, the buyer made one small transfer and later said the rest would also be settled. Before saying whether the limitation period has run, we revisit where the transfer and the message fall within the period and whether they raise a question of acknowledgment or of waiver.
Read the review fileCivilThe contractor claims the unpaid construction balance, and the owner says it will deduct part of that sum because of defects. Before stating a balance, we revisit whether the owner's message was a defense withholding payment or a declaration of set-off, and what supports the scope of the defect loss.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyRecords show a lump-sum repayment to a family member and continued automatic transfers to one bank around the time notices of inability to pay were sent to several creditors. Before considering avoidance, we look separately at when payments were suspended, whether each payment was one the debtor was obliged to make, and what each counterparty knew.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyAfter the rehabilitation plan was confirmed, a supplier claims a price that was not entered on the list. Before treating it as forfeited, we line up the filing period, the entries on the list, the service records, and the effect of the confirmation decision on a single timeline.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyAfter the bankruptcy discharge decision became final, a claim not on the creditor list, a claim for accident damages, and a tax notice arrive one after another. Before concluding that all were discharged or that all survive, we examine, for each claim, the grounds for non-discharge and how it came to be left off the list.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyThe debtor says the payments under the repayment plan were completed, but the installments and totals in the rehabilitation commissioner's deposit record and the debtor's own transfer record differ. Before discussing the requirements for a discharge decision, we reconcile the performance records and separately sort out the debts that remain after discharge.
Read the review fileCriminalThe amount and date in the settlement agreement, the actual transfer record, and a later criminal deposit form point to different times and amounts. Before stating a total for restitution, we determine which promise and which item of harm each record relates to.
Read the review fileCriminalA statement record prepared by an investigative agency and the same person's testimony in court read differently. Before labeling it a reversal, we line up how the record was prepared, what the video recording covers, and the requirements for admissibility.
Read the review fileCriminalIn practice materials where a mobile phone was seized, the on-site selection record, the record of creating a full copy, the hash value records, and the analysis report point to different ranges of data. Before discussing the reliability and admissibility of digital evidence, we compare what data was selected and copied, when and how, and how data unrelated to the charge was handled.
Read the review fileCriminalIn practice materials involving a search and seizure, the items to be seized named in the warrant, the records of who attended at the scene, the seizure inventory handed over, and the evidence list submitted at trial each cover a different set of items. Before discussing admissibility, we compare, line by line, the procedure by which each piece of evidence came to appear in each record.
Read the review fileCivilIn practice materials in which a worker claims to have become ill from exposure to a workplace hazard, the work records, the medical opinion, and the records of safety measures point to different periods and different tasks. Before discussing the scope of compensation, we look separately at the period and degree of exposure, the link to the illness, and the measures the employer took.
Read the review fileCivilThe file contains the claims of a registered patent together with the other side's product manual, photos, and teardown records, but the two sides' comparison charts use different product versions and different readings of the claim. Before discussing infringement and an injunction, we lay the scope of the right and the configuration of the product side by side, using the same standard for both.
Read the review fileCivilIn practice materials prepared for a property division at divorce, the asset lists submitted by the two spouses show balances from different dates and cover different property. Before discussing the division ratio, we look separately at the scope of divisible property, the reference date, and the records said to show contribution to acquiring and maintaining the property.
Read the review fileCivilAfter the lease ends, the return of the deposit and the handover of the home each wait on the other, and meanwhile the moving date, the return of the keys, and the resident registration record point to different moments. Before discussing who had to perform first, we compare separately when and in what form the handover took place, and the reference dates for opposability and priority repayment.
Read the review fileCivilThe deposits shown in the account statements are linked to different tasks in different settlement statements. Before discussing the unpaid balance, we re-examine the basis on which the deposits were linked to the obligations.
Read the review fileCivilWhen the estimate and the receipt describe the same scope of work, the same loss may be counted more than once when the amounts are added up. This file sets out how to lay the documents side by side against the scope of work and identify where they overlap.
Read the review fileCriminalThis file explains how to compare a short excerpt and its transcript with the full recording to establish the extent of what was said and the basis for identifying the speaker.
Read the review fileCriminalThis file examines whether accounts that appear to overlap came from the same source, and whether different recorded times refer to the same act. It sets out an approach that separates how a source travelled from what a recorded time means.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyNotices are not merged straight away just because they carry similar identifiers. We look separately at how each debt is identified, the sender's role, and the reference date of the balance.
Read the review fileRehabilitation & bankruptcyIn this practice exercise, delayed payments and transfers between accounts are set apart from ordinary income. The file also explains the scope of the observation period and which records are missing.
Read the review fileFollow how a document leads to competing readings and a focused question for further investigation.
The questions cover civil litigation and enforcement, damages claims, personal bankruptcy and discharge, criminal procedure, juvenile and family cases, military courts, administrative and tax appeals, labour remedies, constitutional complaints and dispute mediation. These synthetic questions concern preparation; they do not establish whether you can conduct a procedure yourself.
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Questions shown 1551
Jurisdiction: Republic of Korea · general information · Synthetic · simulation · Not a real casePractice ReviewsWhich rule borrowed from the Criminal Procedure Act would have to bend here, and what in the record shows that following it as written would contravene the nature of this domestic protection case?
Once the judgment is final, what in the file fixes which local public prosecution office the request must be sent to?
When the file names persons who are neither the treating clinic nor its staff, how could it be settled whether they are related persons the Corporation may question?
If the notification reaches the head of the city, town or township but the registration standard place is disputed, what in the file could show where the register belongs?
If the file shows an investigation notice but no periodic selection, which of the six listed cases does the record actually support?
When the parties' written positions contradict each other on fault, what in the file shows whether that disagreement is too great for the summary procedure?
How could the file show that the licence is used directly to maintain a livelihood and that suspending it would make it difficult for the debtor to maintain a livelihood?
If the record shows an item was examined but not who applied for it, how could the parties establish whether the examination was on application or of the court's own motion?
When the mediation record shows the parties agreed on some points but not others, how could the file show whether the mediation still had a prospect of succeeding?
How could the file show which case the preservation order falls under — and, where that case requires it, that the registered right concerned both belongs to the debtor's property and is subject to disposition — so this trigger is met?
Where an oral statement reached the court in writing only, how could the file show whether a claim was in fact made and on what terms?
If the agency claims a special hindrance, how could the hearing record show whether that hindrance is real and specific?
What in the file would show that a given place was inspected as the provision requires, and that a release was secured at once where substantial reason to suspect an unlawful arrest arose?
If a form defect is arguable rather than obvious, what in the papers would show which side of that line the objection falls on?
If the accused answered questions and no notice appears in the transcript, what in the file could show whether the right to refuse was ever explained?
How could a file show that the referral came from the youth or the guardian named in the provision rather than from another person acting for them?
Where a retrial is pending after the convicted person's death, how could the file show that the person who filed the retrial request has no defence counsel of their own?
When the distance and communications in a file do not plainly fall within the criteria the provision names, what in the record could show whether and how the statutory period is extended?
If the file shows the summons was served but no other contact, how could a party show the date was nonetheless brought to their attention?
What in the file fixes the date the refund right first became exercisable, and can that be shown without the tax office's own records?
If all directors have agreed, what in the file would show who actually submitted the revocation application?
Where two or more tenants of the same building each hold a confirmed date on their leases, how could the file show the order in which their deposits are repaid from the same proceeds?
If the register has not yet been updated for a later change to the claim, which version should the excerpt be expected to show?
If the ruling was signed by a single judge, what in the record would show that it was the ruling of the court hearing the case rather than that judge's own act?
If a file shows execution ended, which document fixes that date, and does an earlier retrial application on the same grounds still leave this route open?
If the file contains two decisions to open a hearing and a protective disposition decision that was later revised, which period, if any, suspends the running of the limitation period?
If the excluded cases are said to apply, what in the file would show which category this appeal falls into?
When the same answer mixes a past fact learned through special knowledge with an appraisal opinion, how should the questioning be separated so it is clear which rules apply?
If the document states the reason but not the date on which that reason was removed, what in the file could fix the day the extension period began?
What in the file would show the period of delay on which the ordered damages are calculated?
If the prior body releases its seizure before the notice of participating seizure is served, what is the tax office joining, and what in the file shows when service took effect?
How far may ordinary civil procedure be borrowed for matters that this Act addresses only indirectly, without stating them as rules of collective action procedure?
If a party has already failed to appear once, how could the file show that notice of the newly set hearing date was served on that party before the second absence?
What in the cancelled sanction and the ruling would show which new sanction is consistent with the intent of that ruling or judgment?
If no copy was handed over, how could the delinquent taxpayer, using only the papers in the file, establish which category the property falls into and prove what the seizure record says?
Where the disadvantage to the party and the public interest at stake pull in opposite directions, what in the file shows how the agency weighed them?
Where the head of an organisation claims a correction, what in the file could show that the organisation forms a single unit of living and holds a direct interest in the reported content?
If a copy of the answer was never served on the petitioner, how could the file show what effect that had on the conduct of the appeal?
Where an interested party asked that a witness attend and no witness was called, what in the hearing record could show what the Commission weighed in deciding?
Does the file show which statute or regulation the decision dismissing the appeal violated, and in what respect?
If the file shows a cooperation request sent without consent, what in the papers shows it was made to recover an advance payment rather than to confirm the grounds for one?
Where the disposition was made by a judicial police officer rather than a prosecutor, what in the practice file shows which of the two courts named in the provision can properly be asked to act?
If notice did not reach one of the persons to be notified, how could the file show that, when notice was due, that person was abroad or could not be located?
If one class recorded no votes at the meeting, what in the file could show whether that class has consented to a further hearing date?
If the file shows a collection decision and a notice bearing a later date, what record would establish that a deferral was granted and when its period ended?
When the basis of the adjudication claim is disputed, what in the file could show that an improper purpose is clear rather than merely alleged?
Since that resolution closes the window for withdrawal, how could the file show whether it has yet been made?
Where an objection was lodged before the appeal, what date in the record would show when the Tax Tribunal appeal period began?
Official places to research legislation, decisions, procedures and forms. A checked link does not establish which rule applies to a case.
Civil · Legislation
Locate the statutory text for a civil issue, then record the provision and version being researched.
The named law page and its access response were checked. No provision or application to a matter has been reviewed; confirm the relevant effective date in the source.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Civil · Legislation
Research the statutory basis of a civil procedural question alongside the court's procedural guidance.
The law's landing page was checked; this is not an assessment of any deadline, filing requirement or authority to act. Select the version relevant to the question before relying on a provision.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Civil · Forms
Find the court's published civil form names and available files before comparing a draft with the requested document.
The civil category and its form listing were read. Individual downloads, their current versions and suitability for a particular filing were not checked.
Page content checked · Checked 2026-09-30Criminal · Legislation
Locate the wording of a criminal-law provision and identify what needs source-based research before characterising conduct.
The named law page was reached. This record verifies access only; it does not establish an offence, a defence or the law applicable at a particular time.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Criminal · Legislation
Research the statutory language behind questions about a criminal investigation, hearing or procedural document.
The access response and law title were checked. The text of individual provisions, transitional rules and procedural entitlements has not been reviewed here.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Criminal · Procedure
Read how the court introduces jury selection, trial stages and deliberation in citizen participation trials.
The explanatory page and its section headings were read. This is a guide to that procedure, not a finding that a particular case qualifies or that every criminal hearing follows it.
Page content checked · Checked 2026-09-30Rehabilitation & bankruptcy · Legislation
Locate the governing statute when researching rehabilitation, bankruptcy and discharge as distinct procedural questions.
The named statute entry was checked. No eligibility, debt treatment, discharge outcome or provision has been assessed for a reader's circumstances.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Rehabilitation & bankruptcy · Procedure
Orient research around the court's explanation of personal rehabilitation and its links to procedural and application materials.
The explanatory page was read. Its figures and comparisons are not reproduced or independently validated here; check current law and the relevant court's guidance before applying them.
Page content checked · Checked 2026-09-30Rehabilitation & bankruptcy · Procedure
Locate the court's explanations of bankruptcy, discharge and the questions addressed in its application guidance.
The guide's explanatory content was read. Its account is not a review of a reader's assets, conduct or prospects of discharge, and linked application files have not been assessed.
Page content checked · Checked 2026-09-30Across fields · Decisions research
Start court-source research into judgments and judicial information, preserving the identity and original text of each decision subsequently selected.
The portal's entry response was checked. No search result, judgment text, access entitlement or individual holding was reviewed in this record.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Across fields · Decisions research
Search for decisions by case name, number or text and build a reading list whose source and procedural context can be checked separately.
The search interface and field labels were checked. No decision was selected or analysed; this is not a curated precedent collection or proof that a holding applies to another matter.
Entry point checked · Checked 2026-09-30Across fields · Procedure
Find the official manual's sections on account preparation, document submission and the portal's document records.
The manual's contents and opening overview were read. This versioned PDF is an orientation aid; no authenticated workflow, successful submission or current interface compatibility was tested.
Page content checked · Checked 2026-09-30