In writing only: email and e-filing

KSTGeneral information, not legal advice

Open Decision Ledger · Criminal & investigative procedure

Credibility of the remaining statements when part of the money provider's statements is rejected in a case of receiving money without physical evidence

Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean

Supreme Court, Jan. 15, 2009, 2008Do8137 (judgment)

Case name: 특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(알선수재)·특정경제범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(알선수재)·특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(뇌물){피고인5에대하여일부인정된죄명:특정경제범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(알선수재)}·특정경제범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(배임)·뇌물공여·특정경제범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(수재등)·특정경제범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(증재등)·배임수재〕

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    While rejecting the credibility of a substantial portion of the statements of the person who provided the money, may the receipt of the money be recognized on the basis of the remaining statements alone?

  2. Holding

    If a substantial portion of the statements about the provision of money is disbelieved and rejected, the credibility of the statements as a whole must be regarded as substantially undermined, so recognizing the receipt of the money on the basis of the remaining statements alone is in principle not permitted. In order to accept the remainder, there must be special circumstances, such as sufficiently reliable grounds being presented for that portion alone or that portion being sufficiently supported by other evidence.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다고 주장하는 사람의 진술만을 내세워 함부로 나머지 일부 금원수수 사실을 인정하는 것은 원칙적으로 허용될 수 없다.

    Unofficial English translation

    Where a person asserts that he or she provided money on several occasions, it cannot in principle be permitted to carelessly recognize the fact of receipt of the remaining portion of money on the strength of that person's statements alone.
  3. Disposition

    Partly reversed and remanded Stated in the decision

    이 부분 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    This part of the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.
  4. Form of the test

    Elements stated Stated in the decision

    합리적인 의심을 해소할 만한 특별한 사정이 존재하여야 한다

    Unofficial English translation

    There must exist special circumstances sufficient to dispel reasonable doubt
  5. Factors

    • 그 진술 내용 자체의 합리성, 객관적 상당성, 전후의 일관성
    • 그의 인간됨, 그 진술로 얻게 되는 이해관계 유무
    • 궁박한 처지에서 벗어나려는 노력이 진술에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 여부
    • 그 진술을 보강할 수 있는 다른 증거들에 의하여 충분히 뒷받침되는 경우

    Unofficial English translation

    • the rationality of the content of the statement itself, its objective appropriateness, and its consistency before and after

    • the person's character, and whether there is an interest gained by that statement

    • whether efforts to escape from a dire situation may have influenced the statement

    • where the statement is sufficiently supported by other evidence capable of corroborating it

  6. Relation to precedent

    States a new standard Read from the decision

    나머지의 금원제공 진술로 유죄를 인정하기 위한 요건

    Unofficial English translation

    the requirements for finding guilt based on the remaining statements of providing money

    Decisions referred to

    [1] 대법원 2002. 6. 11. 선고 2000도5701 판결(공2002하, 1720), 대법원 2008. 2. 14. 선고 2005도4202 판결(공2008상, 407)

  7. Burden of proof

    The prosecution Read from the decision

    합리적인 의심을 배제할 만한 신빙성이 있어야 한다

    Unofficial English translation

    It must have credibility sufficient to exclude reasonable doubt
  8. Open question and revisit condition

    To what extent must the rejected portion of the statements reach, out of the whole, before the credibility of the statements as a whole can be regarded as substantially undermined?

    If a subsequent Supreme Court decision adopts a different view of the relationship between the partial rejection of the provider's statements and the acceptance of the remaining portion, this reading will be checked again.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

5 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-16

In comparison with an independent reading by a different AI lineage (GPT-6 Astra), which read only the original text without seeing the first reading, 5 of the 8 axes agreed, while the readings diverged on Axis 6 (Relation to precedent), Axis 7 (Burden of proof), and Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition).

Axis 6 (Relation to precedent): Primary “States a new standard” vs Independent “Follows earlier decisions”

The original text explains the special conditions for accepting the remainder after rejecting part of the statements, so it may be read as stating a new standard, but it may also be read as a specification of the general legal principle of credibility; the relation to precedent is not expressly stated.

[1] 대법원 2002. 6. 11. 선고 2000도5701 판결(공2002하, 1720), 대법원 2008. 2. 14. 선고 2005도4202 판결(공2008상, 407)

Axis 7 (Burden of proof): Primary “The prosecution” vs Independent “Not addressed”

Because the original text requires grounds dispelling reasonable doubt in order to find guilt, the first reading may read the prosecution's burden of proof into it, but since the party bearing the burden is not expressly identified, the independent reading may regard it as not addressed.

합리적인 의심을 배제할 만한 신빙성이 있어야 한다

Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “To what extent must the rejected portion of the statements reach, out of the whole, before the credibility of the statements as a whole can be regarded as substantially undermined?” vs Independent “What specific corroborating evidence must exist in order to dispel the reasonable doubt concerning the remaining statements of the money provider, whose credibility has been substantially undermined?”

The first reading asks about the weight of the rejected statements sufficient to shake the credibility of the whole, while the independent reading asks about the specific corroborating evidence needed to dispel the doubt attaching to the remaining statements.

여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다고 주장하는 사람의 진술만을 내세워 함부로 나머지 일부 금원수수 사실을 인정하는 것은 원칙적으로 허용될 수 없다.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The court below (Seoul High Court, 2007No371) held that the statements of Defendant 1 were credible overall, yet rejected as hard to believe the portion stating that the approximately 2.5 billion won in cash kept at home was used as lobbying funds, as well as the statements about providing 1.35 billion won to Defendant 2 and 50 million won to Defendant 5. It nevertheless found the statements about providing the remaining total of 620 million won credible, and thus found the receipt of that money guilty.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court observed that, where the court below had itself rejected most of the statements on the source of the funds and the statements about providing 1.4 billion won, special circumstances were required if it was to believe the remaining statements alone, and that such circumstances were hard to find; it therefore reversed and remanded the guilty findings against Defendants 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 and the related portions. It upheld the finding of guilt against Defendant 6, which was supported by corroborating evidence such as the statements of the chief of staff and others and a confession, and dismissed the final appeals of Defendant 6 and the prosecution.

Distinguishing conditions

  • Cases in which financial records such as account transfer histories or other objective physical evidence directly support the receipt of the money
  • Cases in which the rejected portion of the statements is minor, so that the credibility of the statements as a whole is difficult to regard as undermined
  • Cases in which the remaining statements are sufficiently supported by corroborating evidence such as a third party's statements or a confession by the defendant

Record verification notes

Before challenging the credibility of the remaining statements, check whether the doubts that emerged from the rejected portion also attach to the remaining portion, and whether there is independent corroborating evidence supporting only that portion.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 금원수수 여부가 쟁점인 사건에서 금융자료 등 물증이 없는 경우, 금원을 제공하였다는 사람의 진술에 대한 신빙성 유무의 판단 기준 [2] 쟁점인 금원수수 여부에 관하여 금융자료 등 물증이 없는 상황에서 여러 차례 금원을 제공하였다는 사람의 진술 중 상당한 부분의 신빙성을 배척하는 경우, 나머지의 금원제공 진술로 유죄를 인정하기 위한 요건 [3] 재정경제부 간부의 수뢰사건에서 여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다는 사람의 진술 중 상당한 액수에 해당하는 부분의 신빙성을 배척하면서도 나머지 적은 액수 부분 진술의 신빙성을 인정한 것은 위법하다고 판단한 사례

Unofficial English translation

[1] The criteria for determining the credibility of the statement of the person who claims to have provided money, where, in a case in which the receipt of money is at issue, there is no documentary evidence such as financial records [2] The requirements for finding guilt based on the remaining statements of providing money, where, in a situation in which there is no documentary evidence such as financial records with respect to the disputed issue of whether money was received, the credibility of a substantial portion of the statements of the person who claims to have provided money on several occasions has been rejected [3] A case in which it was held unlawful that, in a bribery case involving an executive of the Ministry of Finance and Economy, while the credibility of the portion of the statements of the person who claims to have provided money on several occasions corresponding to a substantial amount was rejected, the credibility of the statements concerning the remaining portion of a small amount was accepted

Summary of the holding

[1] 금원수수 여부가 쟁점이 된 사건에서 금원수수자로 지목된 피고인이 수수사실을 부인하고 있고 이를 뒷받침할 금융자료 등 객관적 물증이 없는 경우, 금원을 제공하였다는 사람의 진술만으로 유죄를 인정하기 위해서는 그 사람의 진술이 증거능력이 있어야 함은 물론 합리적인 의심을 배제할 만한 신빙성이 있어야 한다. 신빙성 유무를 판단할 때에는 그 진술 내용 자체의 합리성, 객관적 상당성, 전후의 일관성뿐만 아니라 그의 인간됨, 그 진술로 얻게 되는 이해관계 유무 등을 아울러 살펴보아야 한다. 특히, 그에게 어떤 범죄의 혐의가 있고 그 혐의에 대하여 수사가 개시될 가능성이 있거나 수사가 진행중인 경우에는, 이를 이용한 협박이나 회유 등의 의심이 있어 그 진술의 증거능력이 부정되는 정도에까지 이르지 않는 경우에도, 그로 인한 궁박한 처지에서 벗어나려는 노력이 진술에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 여부 등을 살펴보아야 한다. [2] 금원수수 여부가 쟁점이 된 사건에서 금원수수자로 지목된 피고인이 수수사실을 부인하고 있고 이를 뒷받침할 금융자료 등 객관적 물증이 없는 경우, 여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다고 주장하는 사람의 진술을 신뢰할 수 있는지 심사해 본 결과 그 중 상당한 금원제공 진술 부분을 그대로 믿을 수 없는 객관적인 사정 등이 밝혀져 그 부분 진술의 신빙성을 배척하는 경우라면, 여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다는 진술의 신빙성은 전체적으로 상당히 허물어졌다고 보아야 한다. 따라서 나머지 일부 금원제공 진술 부분에 관하여는 이를 그대로 믿을 수 없는 객관적 사정 등이 직접 밝혀지지 않았다고 하더라도, 여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다고 주장하는 사람의 진술만을 내세워 함부로 나머지 일부 금원수수 사실을 인정하는 것은 원칙적으로 허용될 수 없다. 나머지 일부 금원수수 사실을 인정하려면 신빙성을 배척하는 진술 부분과는 달리 이 부분 진술만은 신뢰할 수 있는 근거가 확신할 수 있을 정도로 충분히 제시되거나, 그 진술을 보강할 수 있는 다른 증거들에 의하여 충분히 뒷받침되는 경우 등 합리적인 의심을 해소할 만한 특별한 사정이 존재하여야 한다. [3] 재정경제부 간부의 수뢰사건에서 여러 차례에 걸쳐 금원을 제공하였다는 사람의 진술 중 상당한 액수에 해당하는 부분의 신빙성을 배척하면서도 나머지 적은 액수 부분 진술의 신빙성을 인정한 것은 위법하다고 판단한 사례.

Order

원심판결 중 피고인 1, 피고인 2, 피고인 3, 피고인 5, 피고인 7, 피고인 8에 대한 유죄 부분 및 피고인 2에 대한 특정범죄가중처벌 등에 관한 법률 위반(뇌물) 무죄 부분과 피고인 1, 피고인 5에 대한 무죄 부분을 모두 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다. 피고인 6 및 검사의 상고를 기각한다. 피고인 6에 대한 상고 후의 구금일수 중 15일을 위 피고인에 대한 본 형에 산입한다.

Unofficial English translation

The parts of the judgment of the court below finding Defendant 1, Defendant 2, Defendant 3, Defendant 5, Defendant 7, and Defendant 8 guilty, the part finding Defendant 2 not guilty of violation of the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes (bribery), and the parts finding Defendant 1 and Defendant 5 not guilty are all reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court. The final appeals of Defendant 6 and the prosecutor are dismissed. Fifteen days of the detention of Defendant 6 after the final appeal shall be counted as part of the sentence imposed on the said defendant.

Provisions referred to

[1] 형법 제129조 제1항, 제133조, 형사소송법 제308조 [2] 형법 제129조 제1항, 제133조, 형사소송법 제308조 [3] 형법 제132조, 제133조, 형사소송법 제308조

Read 2026-10-16 · Cross-read 2026-10-16. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

Back to the ledger
You are reading PRO SE
RISCON Labsrisconlabs.com