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Open Decision Ledger · Constitutional, administrative & state liability

Whether the refusal of an application for recognition as an operator of a drying and storage facility on the basis of a paddy field area standard not found in the Guidelines for the Implementation of Agricultural and Forestry Projects is unlawful

Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean

Supreme Court, Dec. 24, 2009, 2009Du7967 (judgment)

Case name: 신규건조저장시설사업자인정신청반려처분취소

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    Is a disposition in which the mayor refused an application for recognition as an operator by additionally applying a per-facility paddy field area standard by city and county, which was not contained in the publicly announced Guidelines for the Implementation of Agricultural and Forestry Projects, unlawful as being contrary to the principle of self-binding of administrative discretion or the principle of protection of legitimate expectation?

  2. Holding

    Administrative rules have no external binding force, and self-binding arises only when, through repeated implementation, an administrative practice has been formed. The Supreme Court held that no administrative practice in accordance with the Guidelines was recognized, that a legitimate expectation worthy of protection could not be deemed to have arisen from the mere act of public announcement, and that there were also special circumstances warranting the addition of requirements in response to a superior public interest, and accordingly found no unlawfulness in the disposition of refusal.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    위 지침이 되풀이 시행되어 행정관행이 이루어졌다거나 그 공표만으로 신청인이 보호가치 있는 신뢰를 갖게 되었다고 볼 수 없고

    Unofficial English translation

    it cannot be regarded that the above guideline was repeatedly enforced so as to form an administrative practice, or that the applicant came to hold a legitimate expectation worthy of protection merely by its publication
  3. Disposition

    Reversed and remanded Stated in the decision

    원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 대전고등법원에 환송한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Daejeon High Court.
  4. Form of the test

    Existing test applied Read from the decision

    그 처분이 행정의 자기구속의 원칙 및 행정규칙에 관련된 신뢰보호의 원칙에 위배되거나 재량권을 일탈·남용한 위법이 없다고 한 사례

    Unofficial English translation

    A case in which it was held that there was no illegality in that disposition of violating the principle of self-binding of administration or the principle of protection of legitimate expectations relating to administrative rules, or exceeding or abusing discretion
  5. Factors

    • 재량권 행사의 준칙인 행정규칙이 그 정한 바에 따라 되풀이 시행되어 행정관행이 이루어지게 되면
    • 특별한 사정이 없는 한
    • 그 공표만으로 신청인이 보호가치 있는 신뢰를 갖게 되었다고 볼 수 없고
    • 쌀 시장 개방화에 대비한 경쟁력 강화 등 우월한 공익상 요청

    Unofficial English translation

    • where an administrative rule, which is a standard for the exercise of discretion, is repeatedly enforced in accordance with its provisions so that an administrative practice is formed

    • absent special circumstances

    • the applicant cannot be regarded as having come to hold a legitimate expectation worthy of protection merely by its publication

    • a superior public interest requirement, such as strengthening competitiveness in preparation for the opening of the rice market

  6. Relation to precedent

    Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision

    대법원 2009. 3. 26. 선고 2007다88828, 88835 판결

    Unofficial English translation

    Supreme Court Decision 2007Da88828, 88835 decided March 26, 2009

    Decisions referred to

    [1] 대법원 1995. 5. 23. 선고 94도2502 판결(공1995하, 2302), 대법원 2009. 3. 26. 선고 2007다88828, 88835 판결

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    How many times, and in what manner, must the Guidelines have been implemented before it may be held that an administrative practice giving rise to self-binding has been established?

    This reading will be re-examined if the requirements for selecting operators under the Guidelines for the Implementation of Agricultural and Forestry Projects are amended, or if the Supreme Court's precedents on the self-binding of administrative rules change.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

8 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-16

When compared with an independent reading by another AI (GPT-6 Astra), which read the original text without seeing the first reading, all 8 axes were consistent.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The court below held that, by reason of the public announcement of the 2008 Guidelines for the Implementation of Agricultural and Forestry Projects, the applicant had a legitimate expectation worthy of protection that, if he satisfied the requirements under the Guidelines, he would be selected as an operator and receive support such as rice purchase funds. It found that the refusal on the basis of a per-facility paddy field area standard not contained in the Guidelines amounted to a violation of self-binding or an arbitrary measure inconsistent with the principle of equality, that there were no special circumstances warranting a different application, and that it therefore constituted a departure from or abuse of discretion.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court stated that there were no materials showing that the Guidelines had been repeatedly implemented so as to form an administrative practice, and that it was difficult to regard a legitimate expectation worthy of protection as having arisen from the mere act of public announcement. It further found that there were special circumstances warranting the addition of requirements, citing the restructuring of rice processing complexes, strict review, the possibility of yearly fluctuations in the area of paddy fields from which raw rice can be secured, and the fact that, even if the application was refused, the business itself could still be conducted. On these grounds, holding that the court below committed a misapprehension of legal principles and violated the rules of evidence, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded the case.

Distinguishing conditions

  • Cases in which it is confirmed that the Guidelines had in fact been implemented in the same manner on numerous occasions and an administrative practice had been established
  • Cases in which, beyond public announcement, the administrative authority made a specific commitment or expressed an official view to an individual applicant, giving rise to a legitimate expectation worthy of protection
  • Cases in which the superior public interest justifying the additional requirements does not appear in the Records, or the disadvantage is substantial, as where the refusal blocks the business itself

Record verification notes

Before contesting the violation of administrative rules or the addition of requirements outside the Guidelines, it should first be checked whether there are records of repeated implementation in accordance with those Guidelines and examples of how other applicants were handled, and whether the public interest circumstances invoked by the administrative authority actually existed at the time of the disposition.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 상급행정기관이 하급행정기관에 발하는 이른바 ‘행정규칙이나 내부지침’을 위반한 행정처분이 위법하게 되는 경우 [2] 시장이 농림수산식품부에 의하여 공표된 ‘2008년도 농림사업시행지침서’에 명시되지 않은 ‘시·군별 건조저장시설 개소당 논 면적’ 기준을 충족하지 못하였다는 이유로 신규 건조저장시설 사업자 인정신청을 반려한 사안에서, 그 처분이 행정의 자기구속의 원칙 및 행정규칙에 대한 신뢰보호의 원칙에 위배되거나 재량권을 일탈·남용한 위법이 없다고 한 사례

Unofficial English translation

[1] A case in which an administrative disposition that violates so-called 'administrative rules or internal guidelines' issued by a superior administrative agency to a subordinate administrative agency becomes unlawful [2] A case in which the mayor rejected an application for recognition as the operator of a new drying and storage facility on the ground that the 'paddy field area per drying and storage facility for each si/gun' standard, which was not specified in the '2008 Agricultural and Forestry Project Implementation Guidelines' published by the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, was not met, and it was held that there was no illegality in that disposition of violating the principle of self-binding of administration or the principle of protection of legitimate expectations regarding administrative rules, or exceeding or abusing discretion

Summary of the holding

[1] 상급행정기관이 하급행정기관에 대하여 업무처리지침이나 법령의 해석적용에 관한 기준을 정하여 발하는 이른바 ‘행정규칙이나 내부지침’은 일반적으로 행정조직 내부에서만 효력을 가질 뿐 대외적인 구속력을 갖는 것은 아니므로 행정처분이 그에 위반하였다고 하여 그러한 사정만으로 곧바로 위법하게 되는 것은 아니다. 다만, 재량권 행사의 준칙인 행정규칙이 그 정한 바에 따라 되풀이 시행되어 행정관행이 이루어지게 되면 평등의 원칙이나 신뢰보호의 원칙에 따라 행정기관은 그 상대방에 대한 관계에서 그 규칙에 따라야 할 자기구속을 받게 되므로, 이러한 경우에는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그를 위반하는 처분은 평등의 원칙이나 신뢰보호의 원칙에 위배되어 재량권을 일탈·남용한 위법한 처분이 된다. [2] 시장이 농림수산식품부에 의하여 공표된 ‘2008년도 농림사업시행지침서’에 명시되지 않은 ‘시·군별 건조저장시설 개소당 논 면적’ 기준을 충족하지 못하였다는 이유로 신규 건조저장시설 사업자 인정신청을 반려한 사안에서, 위 지침이 되풀이 시행되어 행정관행이 이루어졌다거나 그 공표만으로 신청인이 보호가치 있는 신뢰를 갖게 되었다고 볼 수 없고, 쌀 시장 개방화에 대비한 경쟁력 강화 등 우월한 공익상 요청에 따라 위 지침상의 요건 외에 ‘시·군별 건조저장시설 개소당 논 면적 1,000ha 이상’ 요건을 추가할 만한 특별한 사정을 인정할 수 있어, 그 처분이 행정의 자기구속의 원칙 및 행정규칙에 관련된 신뢰보호의 원칙에 위배되거나 재량권을 일탈·남용한 위법이 없다고 한 사례.

Order

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 대전고등법원에 환송한다.

Unofficial English translation

The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Daejeon High Court.

Provisions referred to

[1] 행정절차법 제4조 제2항, 행정소송법 제27조 [2] 행정절차법 제4조 제2항, 행정소송법 제27조

Read 2026-10-16 · Cross-read 2026-10-16. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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