Open Decision Ledger · Labour & industrial accidents
Welfare points are not wages and only substandard exclusions are void
Supreme Court, Nov. 28, 2019, 2019Da261084 (judgment)
Case name: 임금
Official text on the National Law Information Center
Question
Are welfare points allocated continuously and regularly under a selective welfare scheme wages or ordinary wages under the Labour Standards Act, is an agreement to exclude an allowance from ordinary wages wholly void, and may a union agreement's 50% premium be applied cumulatively to all holiday hours regardless of actual overlap with overtime or night work?
Holding
Welfare points assigned to workers continuously and regularly under a selective welfare scheme are not wages within the meaning of the Labour Standards Act, and therefore are not ordinary wages. An agreement between labour and management to keep an allowance out of ordinary wages is not void in its entirety; only the part that, measured against the statutory standard as a whole, leaves working conditions below that standard is void. A union clause providing that, when overtime, night and holiday work overlap, a 50% premium is paid for each, cannot be read to apply the statutory ordinary wage together with the contractual premium rate wholesale to all holiday hours, because that compares the elements of a single working condition separately and lets the worker pick the most favourable element of each, contrary to the purpose of Article 15 of the former Labour Standards Act.
Summary of the holding, verbatim
근로기준법에서 정한 통상임금에 산입될 수당을 통상임금에서 제외하기로 하는 노사 간의 합의는 그 전부가 무효가 되는 것이 아니라, 근로기준법에서 정한 기준과 전체적으로 비교하여 그에 미치지 못하는 근로조건이 포함된 부분에 한하여 무효로 된다.
Unofficial English translation
An agreement between labor and management to exclude from ordinary wages the allowances that may be included in ordinary wages as provided in the Labor Standards Act does not become void in its entirety, but becomes void only with respect to the portion containing working conditions that, compared as a whole with the standards provided in the Labor Standards Act, fall short of those standards.
Disposition
Reversed and remanded Stated in the decision
원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 부산고등법원에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Busan High Court.
Form of the test
Elements stated Stated in the decision
근로기준법에서 정한 기준과 전체적으로 비교하여 그에 미치지 못하는 근로조건이 포함된 부분에 한하여 무효로 된다
Unofficial English translation
becomes void only with respect to the portion containing working conditions that, compared as a whole with the standards provided in the Labor Standards Act, fall short of those standards
Factors
- 이러한 복지포인트는 근로기준법에서 말하는 임금에 해당하지 않고, 그 결과 통상임금에도 해당하지 않는다
- 근로기준법에서 정한 기준과 전체적으로 비교하여 그에 미치지 못하는 근로조건이 포함된 부분에 한하여 무효로 된다
- 통상임금은 근로기준법이 정한 바에 따르되 가산율은 위 단체협약 조항에서 정한 바가 그대로 적용된다고 보게 되면
- 하나의 근로조건에 포함된 여러 가지 요소들을 개별적으로 비교하게 될 뿐만 아니라
- 근로자에게 가장 유리한 내용을 각 요소별로 취사선택하는 것을 허용하는 결과가 되어
Unofficial English translation
• Such welfare points do not fall within wages as referred to in the Labor Standards Act, and as a result do not fall within ordinary wages either
• becomes void only with respect to the portion containing working conditions that, compared as a whole with the standards provided in the Labor Standards Act, fall short of those standards
• If ordinary wages are determined in accordance with the Labor Standards Act while the additional rate is deemed to apply as it stands as provided in the above collective agreement clause,
• this would not only result in comparing individually the various elements contained in a single working condition, but
• would also permit the employee to select, element by element, whichever content is most favorable to the employee, and thus
Relation to precedent
Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision
대법원 2019. 8. 22. 선고 2016다48785 전원합의체 판결(공2019하, 1740)
Unofficial English translation
Supreme Court en banc Judgment 2016Da48785 decided August 22, 2019 (Gong 2019 Ha, 1740)
Decisions referred to
[1] 대법원 2019. 8. 22. 선고 2016다48785 전원합의체 판결(공2019하, 1740) / [2] 대법원 2007. 11. 29. 선고 2006다81523 판결, 대법원 2019. 2. 28. 선고 2015다200555 판결
Burden of proof
Not addressed Not in the decision
Open question and revisit condition
Where holiday work actually overlaps with overtime or night work within a proved range, may a union agreement validly set a premium above the statutory 50% for that range?
The remand judgment of the Busan High Court, recalculating the lawful ordinary wage and the range of overlap for each plaintiff, will show how this rule works in practice. Any amendment to Article 2(1)(v), Article 15 or Article 56 of the Labour Standards Act, or a later decision changing the wage character of welfare points, calls for this entry to be read again.
Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check
6 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-25
A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on 6 of the 8 axes; the readings differed on axis 4 (form of the test), axis 8 (open question and revisit condition).
Axis 4 (Form of the test): Primary “Elements stated” vs Independent “Existing test applied”
Neither reading states a burden of proof, since the holding does not say who must prove the overlap range or the premium terms, so the axis difference is not reflected in the readings.
통상임금의 범위뿐 아니라 가산율 역시 근로기준법에서 정한 기준을 적용하였어야 하는데도, 이와 달리 본 원심판단에 법리오해 등의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “Where holiday work actually overlaps with overtime or night work within a proved range, may a union agreement validly set a premium above the statutory 50% for that range?” vs Independent “Would a collective agreement expressly making its enhanced premium rate applicable to the statutory ordinary-wage base require a different result?”
The primary reading asks whether a premium above 50 percent can be valid for a proven overlap range, while the independent reading asks whether an express clause tying the enhanced premium to the statutory base changes the result.
근로기준법에서 정한 통상임금에 산입될 수당을 통상임금에서 제외하기로 하는 노사 간의 합의는 그 전부가 무효가 되는 것이 아니라, 근로기준법에서 정한 기준과 전체적으로 비교하여 그에 미치지 못하는 근로조건이 포함된 부분에 한하여 무효로 된다.Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)
Lower-court contrast & scope of application
Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding
Lower-court context: The Busan High Court, in its judgment of 10 July 2019 (2018Na57103), held that the customised welfare points the defendant local authority allocated each year were ordinary wages. It also held that the plaintiffs' holiday hours all overlapped with overtime or night work, whether or not the parties disputed it, so under Article 42(2) of the union agreement the 50% premium for holiday work and the 50% premium for overtime or night work applied cumulatively, obliging the defendant to pay holiday premiums calculated at 200% of the statutory ordinary wages.
Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court held that the court below had misapprehended the law on whether customised welfare points carry wage character, since such points are not wages and therefore not ordinary wages. It also found that the record contained no evidence supporting the finding that all holiday hours overlapped, while both sides' counsel had said no material enabling that split existed, and that reading the union clause to apply the statutory ordinary wage with the contractual premium rate wholesale offends the purpose of Article 15 of the former Labour Standards Act. The court below had to recalculate the lawful ordinary wages with the other claimed allowances included but the welfare points excluded, apply the statutory standard to the premium rate as well, examine the actual range of overlap for each plaintiff, and order payment only of the difference against what had already been paid, so the whole judgment was reversed and the case remanded.
Distinguishing conditions
- An agreement that excludes an allowance from ordinary wages yet leaves working conditions at or above the statutory standard compared as a whole, since only the substandard part is void.
- A case in which the actual range in which holiday work overlaps with overtime or night work is proved for each worker, so the statutory premium is applied to that range alone.
- A selective welfare scheme whose unused points may be carried over to the next year or claimed in money, since the Court relied on the findings that neither was possible here.
Record verification notes
Set out each component of the wage claim separately: the welfare points, the bonuses, the regular-attendance allowance and the transport expenses, and confirm which of them enter the lawful ordinary wage. Then take the union agreement's own wording of the premium clause and the record of actual working hours, since the Court found no evidence that all holiday hours overlapped. Finally compare the recalculated premium with the amounts already paid, because only the difference may be ordered.
From the official text
Points at issue
[1] 사용자가 선택적 복지제도를 시행하면서 단체협약, 취업규칙 등에 근거하여 근로자들에게 계속적·정기적으로 배정한 복지포인트가 근로기준법에서 정한 임금 및 통상임금에 해당하는지 여부(소극) [2] 근로기준법에서 정한 통상임금에 산입될 수당을 통상임금에서 제외하기로 하는 노사 간 합의의 효력(=근로기준법에서 정한 기준에 미치지 못하는 근로조건이 포함된 부분에 한하여 무효) [3] 갑 지방자치단체의 단체협약에 ‘연장노동, 야간노동, 휴일노동이 중복될 때 통상임금의 50%를 각각 가산 지급한다’라고 규정하고 있었는데, 갑 지방자치단체의 근로자인 을 등이 상여금 등을 통상임금에 포함시킨 다음 단체협약에서 정한 가산율을 적용하여 산정한 추가 휴일근로수당 등의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 통상임금은 근로기준법이 정한 바에 따르되 가산율은 위 단체협약 조항에서 정한 바가 그대로 적용된다고 보게 되면, 하나의 근로조건에 포함된 여러 가지 요소들을 개별적으로 비교하게 될 뿐만 아니라 근로자에게 가장 유리한 내용을 각 요소별로 취사선택하는 것을 허용하는 결과가 되어 구 근로기준법 제15조의 취지에 위배된다고 한 사례
Unofficial English translation
[1] Whether the welfare points that an employer has continuously and regularly allocated to employees, based on a collective agreement, rules of employment, etc., while implementing a selective welfare system, fall within the wages and ordinary wages as provided in the Labor Standards Act (negative) [2] Effect of an agreement between labor and management to exclude from ordinary wages the allowances that may be included in ordinary wages as provided in the Labor Standards Act (=void only with respect to the portion containing working conditions that fall short of the standards provided in the Labor Standards Act) [3] In a case where the collective agreement of local government A provided that "where extended work, night work, and holiday work overlap, an additional 50% of ordinary wages shall be paid for each," and B and others, employees of local government A, sought payment of additional holiday work allowances, etc., calculated by including bonuses and the like in ordinary wages and then applying the additional rate set forth in the collective agreement, a case holding that, if ordinary wages are determined in accordance with the Labor Standards Act while the additional rate is deemed to apply as it stands as provided in the above collective agreement clause, this would not only result in comparing individually the various elements contained in a single working condition, but would also permit the employee to select, element by element, whichever content is most favorable to the employee, and thus runs counter to the purport of former Article 15 of the Labor Standards Act
Summary of the holding
[1] 사용자가 선택적 복지제도를 시행하면서 직원 전용 온라인 쇼핑사이트에서 물품을 구매하는 방식 등으로 사용할 수 있는 복지포인트를 단체협약, 취업규칙 등에 근거하여 근로자들에게 계속적·정기적으로 배정한 경우라고 하더라도, 이러한 복지포인트는 근로기준법에서 말하는 임금에 해당하지 않고, 그 결과 통상임금에도 해당하지 않는다. [2] 근로기준법 제15조는 제1항에서 “이 법에서 정하는 기준에 미치지 못하는 근로조건을 정한 근로계약은 그 부분에 한하여 무효로 한다.”라고 규정하고, 제2항에서 “제1항에 따라 무효로 된 부분은 이 법에서 정한 기준에 따른다.”라고 규정하고 있다. 위 각 규정은 근로기준법의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 개별적 노사 간의 합의라는 형식을 빌려 근로자로 하여금 근로기준법에서 정한 기준에 미치지 못하는 근로조건을 감수하도록 하는 것을 저지함으로써 근로자에게 실질적으로 최소한의 근로조건을 유지시켜 주기 위한 것이다. 이러한 위 각 규정의 문언과 취지에 비추어 보면, 근로기준법에서 정한 통상임금에 산입될 수당을 통상임금에서 제외하기로 하는 노사 간의 합의는 그 전부가 무효가 되는 것이 아니라, 근로기준법에서 정한 기준과 전체적으로 비교하여 그에 미치지 못하는 근로조건이 포함된 부분에 한하여 무효로 된다. [3] 갑 지방자치단체의 단체협약에 ‘연장노동, 야간노동, 휴일노동이 중복될 때 통상임금의 50%를 각각 가산 지급한다’라고 규정하고 있었는데, 갑 지방자치단체의 근로자인 을 등이 상여금 등을 통상임금에 포함시킨 다음 단체협약에서 정한 가산율을 적용하여 산정한 추가 휴일근로수당 등의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 구 근로기준법(2018. 3. 20. 법률 제15513호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 ‘구 근로기준법’이라고 한다) 제56조는 “사용자는 연장근로와 야간근로 또는 휴일근로에 대하여는 통상임금의 100분의 50 이상을 가산하여 지급하여야 한다.”라고 규정하고 있을 뿐인데, 위 단체협약 조항을 휴일근로와 연장근로 내지 야간근로가 실제 중복되는 범위에 상관없이 휴일근로시간 전부에 대하여 중첩적으로 100분의 50의 가산율을 적용하여야 한다는 의미로 해석하면서, 통상임금은 근로기준법이 정한 바에 따르되 가산율은 위 단체협약 조항에서 정한 바가 그대로 적용된다고 보게 되면, 하나의 근로조건에 포함된 여러 가지 요소들을 개별적으로 비교하게 될 뿐만 아니라 근로자에게 가장 유리한 내용을 각 요소별로 취사선택하는 것을 허용하는 결과가 되어 구 근로기준법 제15조의 취지에 위배되므로, 원심으로서는 을 등이 주장하는 상여금 등 수당을 포함시켜 근로기준법에 따른 적법한 통상임금을 재산정한 다음, 통상임금의 범위뿐 아니라 가산율 역시 근로기준법에서 정한 기준을 적용하였어야 하는데도, 이와 달리 본 원심판단에 법리오해 등의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.
Order
원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 부산고등법원에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Busan High Court.
Provisions referred to
[1] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제43조 제1항, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조, 근로복지기본법 제1조, 제3조 제1항, 제81조, 제82조 [2] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항 [3] 구 근로기준법(2018. 3. 20. 법률 제15513호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조, 제56조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항
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