Open Decision Ledger · Rehabilitation & bankruptcy
Auxiliary Participation by a Rehabilitation Claim, the Former Plaintiff, in a Creditor Revocation Action That Became an Action of Avoidance upon Commencement of Rehabilitation Proceedings
Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean
Supreme Court, Dec. 10, 2021, 2021Ma6702 (ruling)
Case name: 보조참가신청각하결정에대한재항고
Official text on the National Law Information Center
Question
Where, during a creditor revocation action, rehabilitation proceedings are commenced against the debtor, the administrator succeeds to the lawsuit, and the claim is changed to an action of avoidance, may the rehabilitation claim, the former plaintiff, participate as an auxiliary in order to assist the administrator?
Holding
The outcome of an action of avoidance affects the legal status of the rehabilitation claim, among other things, by directly affecting an increase or decrease in the debtor's property. Accordingly, a rehabilitation claim that previously brought a creditor revocation action has, absent special circumstances, an interest in the outcome of the lawsuit and may participate as an auxiliary in order to assist the administrator.
Summary of the holding, verbatim
따라서 종전에 채권자취소의 소를 제기한 회생채권자는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 소송결과에 이해관계를 갖고 있어 관리인을 돕기 위하여 보조참가를 할 수 있다.
Unofficial English translation
Accordingly, unless there are special circumstances, the rehabilitation creditor who previously filed the creditor revocation action has an interest in the outcome of the lawsuit and may participate as an auxiliary intervener to assist the administrator.
Disposition
Reversed and remanded Stated in the decision
원심결정을 파기하고, 사건을 서울동부지방법원에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The order of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul Eastern District Court.
Form of the test
Elements stated Stated in the decision
그 판결을 전제로 보조참가를 하려는 자의 법률상 지위가 결정되는 관계에 있으면 이러한 이해관계가 인정된다
Unofficial English translation
where one stands in a relationship in which the legal position of the person seeking to participate as an auxiliary intervener on the premise of that judgment is determined, such an interest is recognized
Factors
- 소송결과에 이해관계가 있어야 한다
- 그 판결을 전제로 보조참가를 하려는 자의 법률상 지위가 결정되는 관계
- 관리인이 기존 소송을 수계하고 부인의 소로 변경하여
- 소송결과가 채무자 재산의 증감에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 등
Unofficial English translation
• There must be an interest in the outcome of the lawsuit
• a relationship in which the legal position of the person seeking to participate as an auxiliary intervener on the premise of that judgment is determined
• the administrator assumed the existing lawsuit and changed it into an action for denial, and
• the outcome of the lawsuit has a direct effect on the increase or decrease of the debtor's property, among other things
Relation to precedent
Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision
대법원 2014. 5. 29. 자 2014마4009 결정
Unofficial English translation
Supreme Court Decision 2014Ma4009 decided May 29, 2014
Decisions referred to
대법원 2014. 5. 29. 자 2014마4009 결정, 대법원 2018. 6. 15. 선고 2017다265129 판결(공2018하, 1272), 대법원 2018. 7. 26. 선고 2016다242440 판결
Burden of proof
Not addressed Not in the decision
Open question and revisit condition
What kinds of cases fall within the special circumstances in which auxiliary participation by the rehabilitation claim would not be permitted?
We will re-examine this reading if the provisions of the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act governing the exercise of the right of avoidance or succession to litigation are amended, or if a decision that views the same issue differently is handed down in bankruptcy proceedings.
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Lower-court contrast & scope of application
Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding
Lower-court context: The court below (Seoul Eastern District Court, 2020Na28186) dismissed the application for auxiliary participation filed by the appellant in reappeal, finding that the appellant in reappeal had no interest in the outcome of this lawsuit. The appellant in reappeal had obtained a judgment at first instance ordering that the lease agreement and the maximum amount mortgage creation agreement be canceled and that the registration establishing the maximum amount mortgage be canceled; however, while the appeal was pending, rehabilitation proceedings were commenced against a non-party, and the non-party, who was deemed to be the administrator, succeeded to the lawsuit and changed the claim to an action of avoidance.
Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court held that the appellant in reappeal, the former plaintiff and a rehabilitation claim, had an interest in the outcome of the lawsuit and could therefore participate as an auxiliary in order to assist the administrator, and, holding that the order of the court below was in error for misapprehending the legal principle governing the requirements for auxiliary participation, reversed and remanded it.
Distinguishing conditions
- Cases in which the administrator does not succeed to the creditor revocation action or does not change it to an action of avoidance
- Cases in which the person seeking to participate as an auxiliary is not the rehabilitation claim that previously brought the creditor revocation action
- Cases in which special circumstances are revealed such that the outcome of the lawsuit does not affect an increase or decrease in the debtor's property
Record verification notes
Before applying for auxiliary participation, one should check whether the administrator succeeded to the lawsuit and changed the claim to an action of avoidance, whether the applicant was the plaintiff in the earlier creditor revocation action, and whether the outcome of the lawsuit affects the debtor's property.
From the official text
Points at issue
회생채권자가 제기한 채권자취소소송이 계속되어 있던 중 채무자에 대한 회생절차가 개시되어 관리인이 소송을 수계하고 부인의 소로 변경한 경우, 채권자취소의 소를 제기한 회생채권자가 보조참가를 할 수 있는지 여부(원칙적 적극)
Unofficial English translation
Whether the rehabilitation creditor who filed a creditor revocation action may, where rehabilitation proceedings against the debtor were commenced while the action was pending and the administrator assumed the litigation and changed it into an action for denial, participate as an auxiliary intervener (affirmative in principle)
Summary of the holding
소송사건에서 제3자가 한쪽 당사자를 돕기 위하여 보조참가를 하려면 소송결과에 이해관계가 있어야 한다(민사소송법 제71조 참조). 해당 소송에서 판결의 효력이 직접 미치지 않는다고 하더라도 그 판결을 전제로 보조참가를 하려는 자의 법률상 지위가 결정되는 관계에 있으면 이러한 이해관계가 인정된다. 채무자가 채권자에 대한 사해행위를 한 경우에 채권자는 민법 제406조에 따라 채권자취소권을 행사할 수 있다. 그러나 채무자에 대한 회생절차가 개시된 후에는 관리인이 채무자의 재산을 위하여 부인권을 행사할 수 있다[채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률(이하 ‘채무자회생법’이라 한다) 제100조, 제105조]. 회생채권자가 제기한 채권자취소소송이 회생절차개시 당시 계속되어 있는 때에는 소송절차는 중단되고 관리인이나 상대방이 이를 수계할 수 있고(채무자회생법 제113조, 제59조 제2항), 관리인이 기존 소송을 수계하고 부인의 소로 변경하여 부인권을 행사할 수 있다. 회생채권자가 제기한 채권자취소소송이 계속되어 있던 중 채무자에 대한 회생절차가 개시되어 관리인이 소송을 수계하고 부인의 소로 변경한 경우 소송결과가 채무자 재산의 증감에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 등 회생채권자의 법률상 지위에 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 종전에 채권자취소의 소를 제기한 회생채권자는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 소송결과에 이해관계를 갖고 있어 관리인을 돕기 위하여 보조참가를 할 수 있다.
Order
원심결정을 파기하고, 사건을 서울동부지방법원에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The order of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul Eastern District Court.
Provisions referred to
민사소송법 제71조, 민법 제406조, 채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률 제59조 제2항, 제100조, 제105조, 제113조
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