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Open Decision Ledger · IP, data & telecommunications

A mark on transaction documents as trademark use

Supreme Court, May 18, 2023, 2022Hu10265 (judgment)

Case name: 등록취소(상)

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    Where a seller of goods displays a mark on transaction documents concerning its goods in a concrete relation to the designated goods, in order to distinguish its own goods from those of others, and hands them to a counterparty belonging to the general public in the course of trade, does that conduct constitute 'use of a trademark' under Article 2(1)(11)(c) of the Trademark Act?

  2. Holding

    It does, unless there are special circumstances. Because such conduct places the transaction documents where the general public can recognise them, the display of the mark on transaction documents and its wide communication fall within Article 2(1)(11)(c), and 'transaction documents' cover order forms, delivery notes, invoices, dispatch notices, receipts and catalogues and the like. On that law the Court found no error in the Patent Court's conclusion that the ordinary users' display of the sign on quotations, transaction statements and product advertising was trademark use.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    특별한 사정이 없는 한 위와 같은 행위는 상품에 관한 거래서류에 상표를 표시하고 널리 알리는 행위로서 (다)목이 규정하고 있는 상표의 사용에 해당한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    Unless there are special circumstances, such conduct constitutes an act of affixing a trademark on transactional documents concerning the goods and publicizing it, and thus constitutes use of the trademark as prescribed in (c).
  3. Disposition

    Dismissed Stated in the decision

    상고를 기각한다. 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The appeal is dismissed. The costs of the final appeal shall be borne by the defendant.
  4. Form of the test

    Elements stated Stated in the decision

    (다)목의 ‘거래서류’는 거래에 제공되는 서류로서 주문서, 납품서, 송장, 출하안내서, 물품영수증, 카탈로그 등이 이에 포함된다.

    Unofficial English translation

    "Transactional documents" under (c) are documents provided in transactions, and include purchase orders, delivery notes, invoices, shipment notices, receipts for goods, catalogs, etc.
  5. Factors

    • 지정상품과의 구체적인 관계에서 자기의 상품과 타인의 상품을 식별하기 위하여
    • 상품에 관한 거래서류에 상표를 표시하고
    • 상품거래과정에서 일반 공중에 속하는 거래상대방에게 이를 교부하였다면
    • 특별한 사정이 없는 한
    • 등록상표와 거래통념상 동일한 상표인 실사용표장을

    Unofficial English translation

    • in order to identify its own goods from those of others in the concrete relationship with the designated goods,

    • affixing a trademark on transactional documents concerning the goods and

    • delivering the same to transactional counterparties belonging to the general public in the course of goods transactions,

    • unless there are special circumstances,

    • the actually used mark, which is a trademark identical to the registered trademark in trade usage,

  6. Relation to precedent

    Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision

    대법원 2002. 11. 13. 자 2000마4424 결정(공2003상, 419)

    Unofficial English translation

    Supreme Court Decision 2000Ma4424 decided November 13, 2002 (Gong 2003 Sang, 419)

    Decisions referred to

    [1] 대법원 2002. 11. 13. 자 2000마4424 결정(공2003상, 419)

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    What special circumstances would leave a seller who hands transaction documents bearing its mark to general trade counterparties outside Article 2(1)(11)(c)?

    A later decision that reads 'transaction documents' in Article 2(1)(11)(c) more narrowly than order forms, delivery notes, invoices, dispatch notices, receipts and catalogues and the like would call for this entry to be read again, as would an amendment to that provision. So too would a decision on the three-year non-use ground that does not accept a display on transaction documents as legitimate use.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

8 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-25

A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on all 8 axes.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The Patent Court, in its judgment of 28 April 2022 (2021Heo5259), held that Amos Co., Ltd., an ordinary user of the registered mark for beds and mattresses, by displaying on quotations and transaction statements a sign identical in trade perception to the registered mark and handing them to counterparties A and Company Furniture Store, and that G-Cube Space Co., Ltd. by displaying and exhibiting that sign in advertising for mattresses and beds on its website and in its stores, were using the mark within Article 2(1)(11) of the Trademark Act. It further found that the ordinary users had continuously and legitimately used the registered mark in Korea for the designated goods for more than three years before the cancellation trial request, with an intention to use it as a sign distinguishing their goods from those of others.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court found no error in that reading. It held that the Patent Court had not breached the rules of logic and experience, had not gone beyond the limits of free evaluation of evidence, and had not misunderstood the law on trademark use or on the grounds for cancelling a trademark registration, so the appeal was dismissed with its costs on the defendant, on the unanimous opinion of the Justices concerned.

Distinguishing conditions

  • A case in which there are special circumstances that prevent the transaction documents from being regarded as placed where the general public can recognise them, since the rule applies unless such circumstances exist.
  • A case in which the mark is displayed neither on transaction documents concerning the goods nor in advertising for those goods, since the Court applied Article 2(1)(11)(c) to both the display on transaction documents and the display and exhibition in advertising.
  • A case in which the display is not made in a concrete relation to the designated goods, or not for distinguishing one's own goods from those of others, since both are required by the stated test.

Record verification notes

Check first whether the documents in the file are transaction documents provided in trade, in the range the Court listed, and whether the recipients belong to the general public. Then test the conduct against the special-circumstances exception, and keep the three-year non-use ground separate: the Court accepted the Patent Court's finding that the ordinary users had legitimately used the mark for more than three years before the cancellation trial request, so the outcome rests on that finding as well as on the meaning of trademark use.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 상표법 제2조 제1항 제11호 (다)목에서 정한 ‘거래서류’의 의미 및 상품의 판매업자가 지정상품과의 구체적인 관계에서 자기의 상품과 타인의 상품을 식별하기 위하여 상품에 관한 거래서류에 상표를 표시하고 상품거래과정에서 일반 공중에 속하는 거래상대방에게 이를 교부한 경우, 상표법 제2조 제1항 제11호 (다)목에서 정한 ‘상표의 사용’에 해당하는지 여부(원칙적 적극) [2] 지정상품을 침대 및 매트리스 등으로 하는 갑의 등록상표에 대하여 상표법 제119조 제1항 제3호의 등록취소사유가 존재하는지 문제 된 사안에서, 등록상표의 통상사용권자들이 거래상대방에게 매트리스를 공급하는 과정에서 거래서류에 등록상표와 거래통념상 동일한 상표인 실사용표장을 표시하여 교부한 행위와 상품 광고에 실사용표장을 표시하고 전시한 행위는 상표법 제2조 제1항 제11호에서 정한 상표의 사용에 해당한다고 본 원심판단을 수긍한 사례

Unofficial English translation

[1] The meaning of "transactional documents" as provided in (c) of Article 2(1) subparagraph 11 of the Trademark Act, and whether, where a seller of goods affixes a trademark on transactional documents concerning the goods, in order to identify its own goods from those of others in the concrete relationship with the designated goods, and delivers the same to transactional counterparties belonging to the general public in the course of goods transactions, it constitutes "use of a trademark" as provided in (c) of Article 2(1) subparagraph 11 of the Trademark Act (affirmative in principle) [2] In a case where it was at issue whether grounds for cancellation of the registration under Article 119(1) 3 of the Trademark Act existed with respect to A's registered trademark designating beds and mattresses, etc., a case affirming the determination of the court below that the act of the non-exclusive licensees of the registered trademark, in the course of supplying mattresses to transactional counterparties, affixing on transactional documents and delivering the actually used mark, which is a trademark identical to the registered trademark in trade usage, and the act of affixing and displaying the actually used mark on advertisements for the goods constitute use of a trademark as provided in Article 2(1) subparagraph 11 of the Trademark Act

Summary of the holding

[1] 상표법은 ‘상표’에 관하여 ‘자기의 상품과 타인의 상품을 식별하기 위하여 사용하는 표장을 말한다.’고 규정하는 한편(제2조 제1항 제1호), ‘상품에 관한 광고·정가표·거래서류, 그 밖의 수단에 상표를 표시하고 전시하거나 널리 알리는 행위’를 ‘상표의 사용’으로 규정하고 있다[제2조 제1항 제11호 (다)목, 이하 ‘(다)목’이라 한다]. (다)목의 ‘거래서류’는 거래에 제공되는 서류로서 주문서, 납품서, 송장, 출하안내서, 물품영수증, 카탈로그 등이 이에 포함된다. 상품의 판매업자가 지정상품과의 구체적인 관계에서 자기의 상품과 타인의 상품을 식별하기 위하여 상품에 관한 거래서류에 상표를 표시하고 상품거래과정에서 일반 공중에 속하는 거래상대방에게 이를 교부하였다면, 그러한 행위를 통해 그 거래서류를 일반 공중이 인식할 수 있는 상태에 두었다고 볼 수 있으므로, 특별한 사정이 없는 한 위와 같은 행위는 상품에 관한 거래서류에 상표를 표시하고 널리 알리는 행위로서 (다)목이 규정하고 있는 상표의 사용에 해당한다. [2] 지정상품을 침대 및 매트리스 등으로 하는 갑의 등록상표에 대하여 상표법 제119조 제1항 제3호의 등록취소사유가 존재하는지 문제 된 사안에서, 등록상표의 통상사용권자들이 거래상대방에게 매트리스를 공급하는 과정에서 견적서나 거래명세서와 같은 거래서류에 등록상표와 거래통념상 동일한 상표인 실사용표장을 표시하고 이를 거래상대방에게 교부한 행위와 매트리스, 침대 제품의 판매를 위한 인터넷 사이트와 매장에서 매트리스 등 상품에 관한 광고에 위 실사용표장을 표시하고 전시한 행위는 상표법 제2조 제1항 제11호에서 정한 상표의 사용에 해당한다고 본 원심판단을 수긍한 사례.

Order

상고를 기각한다. 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

Unofficial English translation

The appeal is dismissed. The costs of the final appeal shall be borne by the defendant.

Provisions referred to

[1] 상표법 제2조 제1항 제1호, 제11호 (다)목 [2] 상표법 제2조 제1항 제1호, 제11호 (다)목, 제119조 제1항 제3호

Read 2026-10-25 · Cross-read 2026-10-25. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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