Open Decision Ledger · Criminal & investigative procedure
Illegality of Reuse of an Executed Warrant and of Separate-Case Search and Seizure Using a Copy Retaining Unrelated Information
Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean
Supreme Court, Oct. 18, 2023, 2023Do8752 (judgment)
Case name: 아동·청소년의성보호에관한법률위반(위계등유사성행위)·아동·청소년의성보호에관한법률위반(성매수등)·아동·청소년의성보호에관한법률위반(성착취물제작·배포등)·성폭력범죄의처벌등에관한특례법위반(카메라등이용촬영·반포등)·미성년자의제강간·미성년자의제유사강간·아동복지법위반(아동에대한음행강요·매개·성희롱등)·성매매알선등행위의처벌에관한법률위반(성매매)
Official text on the National Law Information Center
Question
Where an investigative agency seizes, from a copy of a mobile phone obtained under a warrant whose execution has been completed, electronic information relating to a separate-case crime, or obtains a new warrant targeting that copy and seizes the information, is such seizure lawful?
Holding
A warrant whose execution has been completed loses its effect, and once the seizure is finished, a copy retaining unrelated information can no longer be a subject of search, copying, or printing. The Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the court below, which had found the evidence admissible, holding that the second and third search and seizure violated the warrant requirement and due process and that the right to participate was also substantively infringed.
Summary of the holding, verbatim
수사기관이 새로운 범죄 혐의의 수사를 위하여 무관정보가 남아 있는 복제본을 열람하는 것은 압수·수색영장으로 압수되지 않은 전자정보를 영장 없이 수색하는 것과 다르지 않다.
Unofficial English translation
Where an investigative agency views a copy in which irrelevant information remains for the purpose of investigating a new suspicion of a crime, it is no different from searching without a warrant the electronic information that was not seized by the search and seizure warrant.
Disposition
Partly reversed and remanded Stated in the decision
원심판결 중 피고사건 부분(보호관찰명령 부분 포함)을 파기하고
Unofficial English translation
The judgment of the court below, insofar as it concerns the defendant case (including the protective supervision order part), is reversed, and
Form of the test
Existing test applied Read from the decision
기존 압수·수색 과정에서 출력하거나 복제한 유관정보의 결과물을 열람할 수 있을 뿐이다
Unofficial English translation
it may view only the results of the relevant information printed out or copied in the course of the existing search and seizure
Factors
- 유효기간은 집행에 착수할 수 있는 종기를 의미하는 것이므로
- 그 필요성을 소명하여 법원으로부터 새로운 압수·수색영장을 발부받아야
- 복제본은 더 이상 수사기관의 탐색, 복제 또는 출력 대상이 될 수 없으며
- 통지의무의 예외로 규정된 ‘피의자 등이 참여하지 아니한다는 의사를 명시한 때 또는 급속을 요하는 때’라는 사유를 엄격하게 해석하여야 한다
Unofficial English translation
• the period of validity means the deadline by which execution may be commenced, and therefore
• the necessity therefor must be substantiated and a new search and seizure warrant must be obtained from the court
• the copy may no longer be the subject of the investigative agency's search, copying, or printing, and
• the reasons prescribed as exceptions to the duty of notification, namely 'where the suspect or others have expressly stated their intention not to participate, or where speed is required,' must be strictly construed
Relation to precedent
Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision
대법원 2023. 6. 1. 선고 2018도19782 판결
Unofficial English translation
Supreme Court Decision 2018Do19782 decided June 1, 2023
Decisions referred to
[1] 대법원 1999. 12. 1. 자 99모161 결정(공2000상, 524) / [2] 대법원 2023. 6. 1. 선고 2018도19782 판결(공2023하, 1162) / [3] 대법원 2022. 7. 14. 자 2019모2584 결정(공2022하, 1694)
Burden of proof
Not addressed Not in the decision
Open question and revisit condition
To what extent is the admissibility of evidence recognized for derivative evidence, such as statements of the victim or statements of the defendant obtained on the basis of unlawfully seized electronic information?
This needs to be checked again if the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act on the search and seizure of electronic information are amended, or if Supreme Court precedent on the retention of copies and separate-case search changes.
Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check
6 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-16
A comparison with an independent reading, conducted by another AI of a different family (GPT-6 Astra) reading only the original text without seeing the initial reading, showed agreement on 6 of the 8 axes, while the readings diverged on Axis 4 (Form of the test) and Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition).
Axis 4 (Form of the test): Primary “Existing test applied” vs Independent “Elements stated”
If emphasis is placed on the general legal principles stated in the original text concerning the effect of a warrant, the handling of electronic information, and the right to participate, it may be read as elements stated; if that is emphasized in connection with the disposition of partial reversal and remand, it may be read as existing test applied.
앞서 발부받은 압수·수색영장의 유효기간이 남아 있다고 하여 이를 제시하고 다시 압수·수색을 할 수 없다.Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “To what extent is the admissibility of evidence recognized for derivative evidence, such as statements of the victim or statements of the defendant obtained on the basis of unlawfully seized electronic information?” vs Independent “Where the selection and subsequent processing of electronic information continues, at what point should the execution of the warrant be regarded as completed?”
The initial reading asks about the admissibility of derivative evidence, such as statements derived from the unlawful seizure, while the independent reading asks about the point at which the execution of the warrant is completed.
수사기관이 새로운 범죄 혐의의 수사를 위하여 무관정보가 남아 있는 복제본을 열람하는 것은 압수·수색영장으로 압수되지 않은 전자정보를 영장 없이 수색하는 것과 다르지 않다.Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)
Lower-court contrast & scope of application
Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding
Lower-court context: The court below found that the electronic information concerning unidentified victims and victim Non-indicted 2 had been lawfully seized under the warrant dated June 4, 2022, that it had a personal and objective connection to the alleged offense, and that, alternatively, the same evidence had been seized under the warrant dated September 8, 2022, and that failure to guarantee the right to participate was not a case of infringing the substantive content of due process; it therefore recognized the admissibility of the evidence and found the whole of the charged facts guilty.
Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court held that the execution of the first warrant was completed and lost its effect upon the seizure of electronic information and the service of the list of seized items on June 24, 2022, so that the second search and seizure of July 27, 2022 amounted to a search and seizure without a warrant of the copy that was slated for deletion or disposal. It further held that the third search and seizure under the second warrant targeted electronic information that should have been deleted, that no advance production of the warrant, no service of copies, and no notice of the date and place of execution was given, and that the intention not to participate in the execution of the first warrant could not be extended to the second warrant, rendering it unlawful. Because the reversed portion stood in a relationship of concurrent offenses with the remaining guilty portion, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded the entirety of the defendant's case.
Distinguishing conditions
- Where the investigative agency obtained a new warrant on the separate-case suspicion and re-copied from the original storage medium while guaranteeing the person from whom the items were seized the right to participate
- Where relevant information was selected while the execution of the original warrant had not yet been completed and was ongoing
- Where there is material showing that the suspect explicitly expressed an intention not to participate in the execution of the warrant
Record verification notes
Before asserting the unlawfulness of the seizure, one should first check the investigative report for the time when execution of the original warrant was completed, the date of service of the list of seized items, and when the service of copies and the notice of the date and place took place upon execution of the separate-case warrant.
From the official text
Points at issue
[1] 수사기관이 압수·수색영장을 제시하고 집행에 착수하여 압수·수색을 실시하고 집행을 종료한 후 그 영장의 유효기간 내에 동일한 장소 또는 목적물에 대하여 다시 압수·수색할 필요가 있는 경우, 종전의 압수·수색영장을 제시하고 다시 압수·수색을 할 수 있는지 여부(소극) [2] 수사기관이 하드카피나 이미징 등(복제본)에 담긴 전자정보를 탐색하여 혐의사실과 관련된 정보(유관정보)를 선별하여 출력하거나 다른 저장매체에 저장하는 등으로 압수를 완료한 경우, 혐의사실과 관련 없는 전자정보(무관정보)를 삭제·폐기하여야 하는지 여부(적극) / 수사기관이 새로운 범죄 혐의의 수사를 위하여 무관정보가 남아 있는 복제본을 탐색, 복제 또는 출력할 수 있는지 여부(소극) 및 이때 수사기관이 열람할 수 있는 범위(=기존 압수·수색 과정에서 출력하거나 복제한 유관정보의 결과물) [3] 헌법과 형사소송법이 정한 압수·수색절차의 내용 및 관련 규정 / 수사기관이 압수·수색영장의 집행기관으로서 준수하여야 할 적법절차의 내용
Unofficial English translation
[1] Where an investigative agency has presented a search and seizure warrant, commenced the execution, conducted search and seizure, and terminated the execution, if it is necessary to conduct search and seizure again on the same place or object within the period of validity of the warrant, whether the previous search and seizure warrant may be presented and search and seizure conducted again (negative) [2] Where an investigative agency has completed seizure by searching electronic information contained in hard copies or images (copies), selecting information related to the suspected facts (relevant information) and printing it out or storing it on another storage medium, whether the electronic information unrelated to the suspected facts (irrelevant information) must be deleted or discarded (affirmative) / Whether an investigative agency may search, copy, or print out copies in which irrelevant information remains for the purpose of investigating a new suspicion of a crime (negative) and the scope that the investigative agency may view at such time (= the results of the relevant information printed out or copied in the course of the existing search and seizure) [3] The content of the search and seizure procedure prescribed by the Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Act, and the relevant provisions / The content of the due process that an investigative agency must observe as the enforcement agency of a search and seizure warrant
Summary of the holding
[1] 형사소송법 제215조에 따른 압수·수색영장은 수사기관의 압수·수색에 대한 허가장으로서 거기에 기재되는 유효기간은 집행에 착수할 수 있는 종기를 의미하는 것이므로, 수사기관이 압수·수색영장을 제시하고 집행에 착수하여 압수·수색을 실시하고 그 집행을 종료하였다면 이미 그 영장은 목적을 달성하여 효력이 상실되는 것이고, 동일한 장소 또는 목적물에 대하여 다시 압수·수색할 필요가 있는 경우라면 그 필요성을 소명하여 법원으로부터 새로운 압수·수색영장을 발부받아야 하는 것이지, 앞서 발부받은 압수·수색영장의 유효기간이 남아 있다고 하여 이를 제시하고 다시 압수·수색을 할 수 없다. [2] 수사기관은 하드카피나 이미징 등(이하 ‘복제본’이라 한다)에 담긴 전자정보를 탐색하여 혐의사실과 관련된 정보(이하 ‘유관정보’라 한다)를 선별하여 출력하거나 다른 저장매체에 저장하는 등으로 압수를 완료하면 혐의사실과 관련 없는 전자정보(이하 ‘무관정보’라 한다)를 삭제·폐기하여야 한다. 수사기관이 새로운 범죄 혐의의 수사를 위하여 무관정보가 남아 있는 복제본을 열람하는 것은 압수·수색영장으로 압수되지 않은 전자정보를 영장 없이 수색하는 것과 다르지 않다. 따라서 복제본은 더 이상 수사기관의 탐색, 복제 또는 출력 대상이 될 수 없으며, 수사기관은 새로운 범죄 혐의의 수사를 위하여 필요한 경우에도 기존 압수·수색 과정에서 출력하거나 복제한 유관정보의 결과물을 열람할 수 있을 뿐이다. [3] 수사기관이 압수 또는 수색을 할 때에는 처분을 받는 사람에게 반드시 적법한 절차에 따라 법관이 발부한 영장을 사전에 제시하여야 하고, 처분을 받는 자가 피의자인 경우에는 영장 사본을 교부하여야 하며(헌법 제12조 제3항 본문, 형사소송법 제219조 및 제118조), 피의자·피압수자 또는 변호인(이하 ‘피의자 등’이라 한다)은 압수·수색영장의 집행에 참여할 권리가 있으므로(형사소송법 제219조, 제121조) 수사기관이 압수·수색영장을 집행할 때에도 원칙적으로는 피의자 등에게 미리 집행의 일시와 장소를 통지하여야 하고(형사소송법 제219조, 제122조), 수사기관은 압수영장을 집행한 직후에 압수목록을 곧바로 작성하여 압수한 물건의 소유자·소지자·보관자 기타 이에 준하는 사람에게 교부하여야 한다(형사소송법 제219조, 제129조). 헌법과 형사소송법이 정한 절차와 관련 규정, 그 입법 취지 등을 충실히 구현하기 위하여, 수사기관은 압수·수색영장의 집행기관으로서 피압수자로 하여금 법관이 발부한 영장에 의한 압수·수색이라는 강제처분이 이루어진다는 사실을 확인할 수 있도록 형사소송법이 압수·수색영장에 필요적으로 기재하도록 정한 사항이나 그와 일체를 이루는 내용까지 구체적으로 충분히 인식할 수 있는 방법으로 압수·수색영장을 제시하고 피의자에게는 그 사본까지 교부하여야 하며, 증거인멸의 가능성이 최소화됨을 전제로 영장 집행 과정에 대한 참여권이 충실히 보장될 수 있도록 사전에 피의자 등에 대하여 집행 일시와 장소를 통지하여야 함은 물론 피의자 등의 참여권이 형해화되지 않도록 그 통지의무의 예외로 규정된 ‘피의자 등이 참여하지 아니한다는 의사를 명시한 때 또는 급속을 요하는 때’라는 사유를 엄격하게 해석하여야 한다.
Order
원심판결 중 피고사건 부분(보호관찰명령 부분 포함)을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.
Unofficial English translation
The judgment of the court below, insofar as it concerns the defendant case (including the protective supervision order part), is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.
Provisions referred to
[1] 형사소송법 제215조 [2] 형사소송법 제215조, 제307조, 제308조의2 [3] 헌법 제12조 제3항, 형사소송법 제118조, 제121조, 제122조, 제129조, 제215조, 제219조, 제307조, 제308조의2
Read 2026-10-16 · Cross-read 2026-10-16. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.
Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.
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