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Open Decision Ledger · Civil obligations & remedies

Residual commissions after an insurance broker appointment contract ends

Supreme Court, Sept. 26, 2025, 2024Da321232 (judgment)

Case name: 채무부존재확인·수수료반환

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    Where an insurance agency's internal rules pay the commission on newly solicited policies in instalments running into the nineteenth month, must the company pay the residual instalments on policies that survive termination of the appointment contract, and how is the written instrument to be read on that point?

  2. Holding

    The Court did not decide the merits. It held that the work under the appointment contract included not only brokering the sale of policies but also maintaining and managing policies already concluded, so the commission may have included consideration for that maintenance, and that the internal rules, which provide a staff allowance in the chapter on the commission payment standard and set rates by new, settled and managerial staff, appeared to require that the recipient hold the status of a staff member. Because the court below did not examine whether the residual commission was consideration for soliciting policies or for maintaining them, and whether the company must pay after the plaintiffs were released, while treating the whole commission as the price of solicitation, its judgment misstated the law on the interpretation of a written instrument and had to be reversed.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    갑 등에게 지급되는 수수료에는 보험계약을 새로 모집하여 체결하도록 한 데 대한 대가뿐 아니라 기존의 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 대가도 포함되었을 여지가 있고

    Unofficial English translation

    Not only consideration for having A et al. solicit and conclude new insurance contracts but also consideration for maintaining and managing existing insurance contracts may have been included in the commissions paid to A et al., and
  3. Disposition

    Reversed and remanded Stated in the decision

    원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 광주고등법원에 환송한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Gwangju High Court.
  4. Form of the test

    Circumstances weighed Stated in the decision

    문언의 내용, 법률행위가 이루어진 동기와 경위, 법률행위로써 달성하려는 목적, 당사자의 진정한 의사 등을 종합적으로 고찰하여 논리와 경험칙에 따라 합리적으로 해석하여야 한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The contents of the terms, the motive and circumstances under which the juristic act was made, the purpose sought to be achieved by the juristic act, the parties' true intention, and the like must be comprehensively examined and reasonably interpreted in accordance with logic and the rule of experience.
  5. Factors

    • 문언의 내용, 법률행위가 이루어진 동기와 경위, 법률행위로써 달성하려는 목적, 당사자의 진정한 의사 등을 종합적으로 고찰하여 논리와 경험칙에 따라 합리적으로 해석하여야 한다
    • 보험계약의 판매중개뿐 아니라 기존에 체결된 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 업무도 포함되므로
    • 보험계약을 새로 모집하여 체결하도록 한 데 대한 대가뿐 아니라 기존의 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 대가도 포함되었을 여지가 있고
    • 갑 등이 을 회사로부터 수수료를 지급받기 위해서는 사원의 지위를 가지고 있어야 한다고 보이는데도

    Unofficial English translation

    • the contents of the terms, the motive and circumstances under which the juristic act was made, the purpose sought to be achieved by the juristic act, the parties' true intention, and the like must be comprehensively examined and reasonably interpreted in accordance with logic and the rule of experience

    • because the work includes not only the sale and brokerage of insurance contracts but also the work of maintaining and managing previously concluded insurance contracts

    • Not only consideration for soliciting and concluding new insurance contracts but also consideration for maintaining and managing existing insurance contracts may have been included in the commissions paid to A et al., and

    • notwithstanding that it appears that A et al. must hold the status of an employee in order to receive commissions from Company B

  6. Relation to precedent

    Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision

    대법원 2021. 4. 29. 선고 2021다202309 판결(공2021상, 1066)

    Unofficial English translation

    Supreme Court Decision 2021Da202309 decided April 29, 2021 (Gong 2021 Sang, 1066)

    Decisions referred to

    [1] 대법원 2021. 4. 29. 선고 2021다202309 판결(공2021상, 1066)

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    Once part of the residual commission is found to be consideration for maintaining policies already concluded, on what basis is the amount of that component and its survival after termination determined?

    The remand judgment of the Gwangju High Court on 2024Na22510 and 2024Na22527, once it characterises the residual commission, will show how the rule works. An amendment to Article 105 of the Civil Code, or a later decision on the payment of commissions after an appointment contract ends, would call for this entry to be read again.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

7 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-24

A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on 7 of the 8 axes; the readings differed on axis 5 (factors).

Axis 5 (Factors): Primary “문언의 내용, 법률행위가 이루어진 동기와 경위, 법률행위로써 달성하려는 목적, 당사자의 진정한 의사 등을 종합적으로 고찰하여 논리와 경험칙에 따라 합리적으로 해석하여야 한다 / 보험계약의 판매중개뿐 아니라 기존에 체결된 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 업무도 포함되므로 / 보험계약을 새로 모집하여 체결하도록 한 데 대한 대가뿐 아니라 기존의 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 대가도 포함되었을 여지가 있고 / 갑 등이 을 회사로부터 수수료를 지급받기 위해서는 사원의 지위를 가지고 있어야 한다고 보이는데도” vs Independent “문언의 내용 / 법률행위가 이루어진 동기와 경위 / 법률행위로써 달성하려는 목적 / 당사자의 진정한 의사 / 사원의 지위를 가지고 있어야 한다고 보이는데도”

The primary reading centers on the business scope including policy maintenance and on the consideration for maintenance, while the independent reading lists mainly the general interpretive criteria plus the staff-status point; only two items overlap.

문언의 내용

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The Gwangju High Court, in its judgment of 27 November 2024 (2024Na22510, 2024Na22527), held that the whole commission the plaintiffs received was consideration for soliciting policies, paid by instalments on the footing that the policies remained in force, so that under the appointment contract and the internal rules the defendant had to pay the residual commission even after the plaintiffs were released. It rejected the defendant's appeal ground on the residual commission and accepted only its alternative defence of set-off, taking the clawback commission claim as the active claim and the residual commission claim as the passive claim. At first instance the claim for a declaration that no clawback commission was owed had been dismissed, while the residual commission claim and the defendant's counterclaim were granted in full.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court held that reading the whole commission as the price of solicitation misstated the law on interpreting a written instrument, because the duties under Article 4(1) and (2) of the appointment contract reached maintaining policies already concluded, half or more of the commission was payable in the following month with the rest split between the seventh and nineteenth months, and the internal rules appeared to require that the recipient hold the status of a staff member. It noted that, although the plaintiffs did not appeal the judgment below, the set-off defence had been accepted on the footing that the residual commission claim was fixed in this litigation, so the defect affected the claim as a whole and the whole judgment was reversed. It added that the defendant's counterclaim was before the court below only as a contingent counterclaim, so any part extinguished by the set-off should be excluded from the scope granted in the judgment on remand.

Distinguishing conditions

  • An appointment contract and internal rules under which the whole commission is plainly the price of soliciting and concluding a new policy, with no element of maintaining an existing one.
  • Internal rules that carry no indication that the recipient must hold the status of a staff member, so that the sign the Court read is absent.
  • A judgment below that has already examined the composition of the residual commission and the effect of termination on it, so that no ground of misreading the law remains.

Record verification notes

Set Article 4(1) and (2) of the appointment contract, which impose the duty to broker sales and perform other entrusted work, against the payment schedule of 200%, 250% or 280% in the following month and the rest between the seventh and nineteenth months, to see whether part of the commission buys maintenance. Then read the chapter on the commission payment standard and the payment rate table together, since the Court found in both an indication that payment requires the status of a staff member. Remember that the clawback non-existence claim was already final below, and that a different finding on the residual commission will carry the set-off defence with it.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 당사자 사이에 법률행위의 해석을 둘러싸고 다툼이 있어 처분문서에 나타난 당사자의 의사해석이 문제 되는 경우, 처분문서를 해석하는 방법 [2] 갑 등이 보험대리점업을 영위하는 을 주식회사와 보험설계사 위촉계약을 체결하고 보험계약을 모집하는 업무를 수행하며 수수료를 지급받다가 위 위촉계약을 해지하였고, 을 회사 내부규정인 영업제규정은 ‘수수료 지급기준’으로 ‘신입사원 총 400%, 정착사원 총 450%, 관리자(소장) 총 480%의 수수료를 지급하되 익월에 200%, 250%, 280%를 지급하고, 나머지는 7차월부터 19차월까지 불균등한 비율로 나누어 지급한다.’고 정하고 있는데, 갑 등이 을 회사를 상대로 자신들이 모집한 보험계약 중 위촉계약 해지 후 유지되는 보험계약에 관한 잔여수수료의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 갑 등에게 지급되는 수수료에는 기존의 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 대가도 포함되었을 여지가 있고, 갑 등이 수수료를 지급받기 위해서는 사원의 지위를 가지고 있어야 한다고 보이는데도, 수수료 전부를 보험계약 모집의 대가로 보아 을 회사가 갑 등에게 위촉계약이 해지된 후에도 수수료를 지급하여야 한다고 본 원심판단에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례

Unofficial English translation

[1] Where a dispute exists between the parties over the interpretation of a juristic act and the interpretation of the parties' intention as reflected in the written instrument is at issue, the method of interpreting the written instrument [2] A et al. entered into a contract of engagement with Company B, a stock company engaged in the insurance agency business, performed the work of soliciting insurance contracts and received commissions, and thereafter terminated the said contract of engagement; the Sales Regulation, an internal rule of Company B, provides as the "criteria for payment of commissions" that "a total of 400% in commissions for new employees, 450% in total for settled employees, and 480% in total for managers (branch heads) shall be paid, but 200%, 250%, and 280% shall be paid in the following month, and the remainder shall be divided and paid at unequal rates from the 7th through the 19th month"; and in a case where A et al. sought from Company B the payment of the remaining commissions on the insurance contracts solicited by them that remain in effect after the termination of the contract of engagement, a case in which although there was room to consider that the commissions paid to A et al. might have included consideration for maintaining and managing existing insurance contracts and that A et al. appeared to need to hold employee status in order to receive commissions, the court below's determination, which treated the entire commissions as consideration for the solicitation of insurance contracts and held that Company B must pay commissions to A et al. even after the contract of engagement had been terminated, was held to be erroneous on the ground of misapprehension of legal principles

Summary of the holding

[1] 처분문서는 그 성립의 진정함이 인정되는 이상 법원은 그 기재 내용을 부인할 만한 분명하고도 수긍할 수 있는 반증이 없으면 처분문서에 기재된 문언대로 의사표시의 존재와 내용을 인정하여야 한다. 당사자 사이에 법률행위의 해석을 둘러싸고 다툼이 있어 처분문서에 나타난 당사자의 의사해석이 문제 되는 경우에는 문언의 내용, 법률행위가 이루어진 동기와 경위, 법률행위로써 달성하려는 목적, 당사자의 진정한 의사 등을 종합적으로 고찰하여 논리와 경험칙에 따라 합리적으로 해석하여야 한다. [2] 갑 등이 보험대리점업을 영위하는 을 주식회사와 보험설계사 위촉계약을 체결하고 보험계약을 모집하는 업무를 수행하며 수수료를 지급받다가 위 위촉계약을 해지하였고, 을 회사 내부규정인 영업제규정은 ‘수수료 지급기준’으로 ‘신입사원 총 400%, 정착사원 총 450%, 관리자(소장) 총 480%의 수수료를 지급하되 익월에 200%, 250%, 280%를 지급하고, 나머지는 7차월부터 19차월까지 불균등한 비율로 나누어 지급한다.’고 정하고 있는데, 갑 등이 을 회사를 상대로 자신들이 모집한 보험계약 중 위촉계약 해지 후 유지되는 보험계약에 관한 잔여수수료의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 갑 등이 위촉계약에 따라 수행하는 업무에는 보험계약의 판매중개뿐 아니라 기존에 체결된 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 업무도 포함되므로, 갑 등에게 지급되는 수수료에는 보험계약을 새로 모집하여 체결하도록 한 데 대한 대가뿐 아니라 기존의 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 대가도 포함되었을 여지가 있고, 을 회사의 영업제규정이 ‘수수료 지급기준’에서 ‘사원수당’을 규정하고 ‘지급수수료 예시표’에서 ‘신입사원’, ‘정착사원’, ‘관리자’별로 수수료 지급률을 규정하고 있어 갑 등이 을 회사로부터 수수료를 지급받기 위해서는 사원의 지위를 가지고 있어야 한다고 보이는데도, 갑 등이 을 회사로부터 지급받는 잔여수수료가 보험계약 모집의 대가인지, 기존의 보험계약을 유지·관리하는 대가인지, 만약 후자라면 을 회사가 갑 등이 해촉된 이후에도 잔여수수료를 지급하여야 하는지를 제대로 살피지 아니한 채 수수료 전부를 보험계약 모집의 대가로 보아 갑 등이 모집한 보험계약 중 유지되고 있는 보험계약에 관하여는 을 회사가 갑 등에게 위촉계약이 해지된 후에도 수수료를 지급하여야 한다고 본 원심판단에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.

Order

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 광주고등법원에 환송한다.

Unofficial English translation

The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Gwangju High Court.

Provisions referred to

[1] 민법 제105조 / [2] 민법 제105조

Read 2026-10-24 · Cross-read 2026-10-24. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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