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Open Decision Ledger · Constitutional, administrative & state liability

Partial meal outsourcing and the cook requirement in day and night care

Supreme Court, Oct. 16, 2025, 2024Du46361 (judgment)

Case name: 장기요양급여비용환수결정처분취소

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    Where a day and night care institution receives only part of the meals it serves from a catering contractor and prepares the rest itself, may it dispense with placing a cook under Note 7 (a) to item 4 (a) of [Table 9] to Article 29(1) of the Enforcement Decree of the Elderly Welfare Act, and how is that judged?

  2. Holding

    A cook is mandatory staff who performs the meal-related work within the institution, and the monthly standard hours per cook are the working days of the month excluding public holidays, Workers' Day and Saturdays, multiplied by eight hours. Whether the exception applies turns on whether meals were provided at a normatively and substantially equivalent level to placing a cook permanently. Full outsourcing is the usual form, but partial outsourcing is not outside the exception for that reason alone; the Court weighs the hindrance to other staff's own duties, the effect on the quantity, quality, hygiene and nutrition of the meals, and any unavoidable reason for partial outsourcing, and also whether this runs against the purpose of the Long-Term Care Insurance Act and the staffing standards. Where the institution keeps only a non-cook who in fact cooks and outsources the rest, meals cannot be evaluated as equivalent, and judging compliance by the work actually performed risks use as a device to evade the standards.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    따라서 급식을 위탁한 주야간보호기관이 조리원 배치 예외규정에 따라 위와 같은 근무시간을 충족하는 조리원을 배치하지 않아도 되는지는, 해당 주야간보호기관에 조리원을 상시 배치하여 수급자에 대하여 장기요양서비스 및 급식을 제공하는 것과 규범적·실질적으로 동등한 수준으로 급식이 제공되었는지를 기준으로 판단해야 한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    Accordingly, whether a day-and-night care institution that has outsourced meal service may, under the exception provision on the placement of cooks, be exempt from placing a cook who satisfies the aforesaid working hours must be determined on the basis of whether the meals were provided at a level normatively and substantively equivalent to the case where the relevant day-and-night care institution permanently places a cook and provides long-term care services and meals to the beneficiaries.
  3. Disposition

    Partly reversed and remanded Stated in the decision

    원심판결 중 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 부산고등법원에 환송한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The judgment of the court below with respect to the part where the defendant lost is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Busan High Court.
  4. Form of the test

    Circumstances weighed Stated in the decision

    여러 사정들을 종합적으로 고려하되, 규범적인 측면에서 노인장기요양보험법의 입법 목적, 장기요양기관의 법령상 인력배치기준 및 장기요양급여비용 제도의 취지, 급여비용의 가산 또는 감액산정을 위한 여러 관련 규정들의 내용 등에 반하는지도 감안하여야 한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    Although the various circumstances must be comprehensively considered, it must also be taken into account, from a normative aspect, whether it runs counter to the legislative purpose of the Long-Term Care Insurance Act for the Elderly, the staffing standards for long-term care institutions under statutes and regulations, the purport of the long-term care benefit cost system, and the content of the various relevant provisions for the calculation of additions or reductions of benefit costs, among others.
  5. Factors

    • 조리원이 아닌 다른 직종의 종사자들이 급식 관련 업무를 수행함에 따라 본연의 업무를 수행하는 것에 지장이 초래되었는지와 그 정도
    • 수급자에게 제공된 식사의 양과 품질, 위생 및 영양 상태에 미치는 영향
    • 일부 위탁에 관한 부득이한 사정이 존재하는지
    • 노인장기요양보험법의 입법 목적, 장기요양기관의 법령상 인력배치기준 및 장기요양급여비용 제도의 취지, 급여비용의 가산 또는 감액산정을 위한 여러 관련 규정들의 내용 등에 반하는지도

    Unofficial English translation

    • Whether and to what extent employees of job categories other than cooks were impeded in the performance of their inherent work as a result of performing meal-related work

    • The effect on the quantity and quality of the meals provided to the beneficiaries and on their hygiene and nutritional status

    • Whether there exist unavoidable circumstances as to the partial outsourcing

    • Whether it also runs counter to the legislative purpose of the Long-Term Care Insurance Act for the Elderly, the staffing standards for long-term care institutions under statutes and regulations, the purport of the long-term care benefit cost system, and the content of the various relevant provisions for the calculation of additions or reductions of benefit costs, among others

  6. Relation to precedent

    States a new standard Read from the decision

    조리원을 상시 배치하여 급식을 제공하는 것과 동등한 수준으로 급식이 제공되었다고 규범적으로 평가할 수 없음에도

    Unofficial English translation

    notwithstanding that the provision of the meals cannot be normatively evaluated as being at a level equivalent to that of the provision of meals by permanently placing a cook

    Decisions referred to

    해당 본문 참조

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    How large must the outsourced share of the menu be before part-outsourcing counts as 'meal outsourcing', and how is the equivalent level measured?

    The remand judgment of the Busan High Court, which must re-examine the recoupment on the corrected basis, will show how the equivalent level is assessed in practice. A change to Note 7 (a) to item 4 (a) of [Table 9] to Article 29(1) of the Enforcement Decree of the Elderly Welfare Act, or to the staffing provisions of the notification on long-term care benefit costs, would require this entry to be read again.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

6 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-24

A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on 6 of the 8 axes; the readings differed on axis 6 (relation to precedent), axis 8 (open question and revisit condition).

Axis 6 (Relation to precedent): Primary “States a new standard” vs Independent “Cannot be determined”

The primary can treat the equivalence test for partial outsourcing as a new standard, while the independent can regard its relationship to precedent as unascertainable because the supplied text makes no explicit comparison with earlier decisions.

조리원을 상시 배치하여 급식을 제공하는 것과 동등한 수준으로 급식이 제공되었다고 규범적으로 평가할 수 없음에도

Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “How large must the outsourced share of the menu be before part-outsourcing counts as 'meal outsourcing', and how is the equivalent level measured?” vs Independent “How much incidental meal-related work may other staff perform without defeating the equivalence required for the cook-placement exception?”

The primary asks about the required outsourced share and measurement of equivalence, whereas the independent asks how much incidental meal work other staff may perform.

따라서 급식을 위탁한 주야간보호기관이 조리원 배치 예외규정에 따라 위와 같은 근무시간을 충족하는 조리원을 배치하지 않아도 되는지는, 해당 주야간보호기관에 조리원을 상시 배치하여 수급자에 대하여 장기요양서비스 및 급식을 제공하는 것과 규범적·실질적으로 동등한 수준으로 급식이 제공되었는지를 기준으로 판단해야 한다.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The Busan High Court, in its judgment of 31 May 2024 (2023Nu21792), held that the Sunday lunch, which was not within the outsourced supply, could not on that ground breach the cook staffing standard. It also held that a separate employee dedicated to cooking did not hinder other staff in their own duties and that quality meals were provided, so receiving only side dishes and soup from Monday to Saturday was no breach either, and annulled the corresponding part of the recoupment.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court kept the reasoning on the Sunday lunch, since public holidays fall outside the monthly standard hours and other staff may perform part of the work in a cook's absence. The rest was wrong: keeping only a non-cook who in fact performs the meal work and outsourcing the remainder cannot be rated as providing meals at the equivalent level, so the finding rested on a misreading of the statutory staffing standards and the meaning of the exception. The defendant's grounds succeeded only in part, yet the whole part of the judgment in which it lost was reversed and remanded.

Distinguishing conditions

  • An institution that employs a cook for fewer hours than the monthly standard under Article 49(1) of the Notification and outsources the rest, since the Court found a strong likelihood that this counts as equivalent.
  • A Sunday meal prepared in-house while the institution places a cook, since the Court held that reasoning proper.
  • An institution whose meals were in fact provided at a normatively and substantially equivalent level, so that no breach arises.

Record verification notes

Set the outsourcing contract against the menu, since only side dishes and soup were outsourced here while the rice was made in-house. Check how the employee who cooked was reported, here as an assistant (driver), because the additional staffing addition depends on the reported job category and the hours actually worked. Confirm the versions in force on 30 September 2022: the Notification before its amendment by Notification No. 2022-219 and the former Enforcement Rule of the Long-Term Care Insurance Act before the amendment by Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 1095 of 28 February 2025.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 급식을 위탁한 주야간보호기관이 노인복지법 시행규칙 제29조 제1항 [별표 9] 제4호 (가)목 비고 7. (가)에 따라 조리원의 1인당 월 기준 근무시간을 충족하는 조리원을 배치하지 않아도 되는지 판단하는 기준 및 위 규정에 따른 ‘급식 위탁’에 해당하는지 판단하는 방법 [2] 갑 협동조합이 운영하는 주야간보호 급여를 제공하는 장기요양기관인 을 재가노인복지센터에 대하여 국민건강보험공단이 현지조사를 실시한 결과, 을 복지센터가 조리원을 배치하지 않은 채 수급자에게 제공할 급식 식단 중 일부만을 급식위탁업체로부터 공급받아 왔고, 보조원(운전사)으로 신고된 종사자가 밥을 짓는 등 급식 관련 업무를 수행하거나, 매주 일요일에는 을 복지센터 종사자들이 자체적으로 점심 식사를 마련하여 제공한 사실을 확인하고, 을 복지센터가 조리원 및 보조원(운전사) 관련 인력배치기준 및 인력추가배치 가산 기준을 위반하여 급여비용과 가산금을 부당하게 지급받았다는 이유로 갑 협동조합에 장기요양급여비용 징수처분을 한 사안에서, 조리원 관련 인력배치기준 위반 및 그로 인한 인력추가배치 가산 기준 위반 부분의 처분사유를 인정하기 어렵다고 본 원심판단에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례

Unofficial English translation

[1] The criteria for determining whether a day-and-night care institution that has outsourced meal service may fail to place a cook who satisfies the monthly standard working hours per cook under Article 29 (1) [Attached Table 9] subparagraph 4 (a) Note 7. (a) of the Enforcement Rule of the Elderly Welfare Act, and the method for determining whether a matter falls within ‘meal outsourcing’ under the foregoing provision [2] In a case where, upon conducting an on-site investigation of B Home-visit Elderly Welfare Center, a long-term care institution providing day-and-night care benefits operated by A Cooperative, the National Health Insurance Service confirmed the facts that B Welfare Center had received from a meal outsourcing company only part of the menus of the meals to be provided to the beneficiaries without placing a cook, that an employee reported as an assistant (driver) performed meal-related work such as cooking rice, and that on every Sunday the employees of B Welfare Center prepared and provided lunch themselves, and imposed on A Cooperative a disposition to collect long-term care benefit costs on the ground that B Welfare Center, in violation of the staffing standards relating to cooks and assistants (drivers) and the criteria for the addition for additional staffing, had unduly received benefit costs and addition amounts, a case in which it was held that the judgment of the court below, which found it difficult to recognize the grounds for the disposition as to the part concerning the violation of the staffing standards for cooks and the consequent violation of the criteria for the addition for additional staffing, erred through misapprehension of legal principles

Summary of the holding

[1] 조리원은 주야간보호기관의 필수 배치 인력으로서 해당 기관 내에서 급식과 관련된 업무를 전담하여 수행하게 되며, 인력배치기준 충족을 위한 조리원의 1인당 월 기준 근무시간은 ‘해당 월에 공휴일, 근로자의 날 및 토요일을 제외한 근무가능일수 × 8시간’이다. 한편 노인복지법 시행규칙 제29조 제1항 [별표 9] 제4호 (가)목 비고 7. (가)(이하 ‘조리원 배치 예외규정’이라 한다)는 주야간보호기관이 조리원을 배치하지 않을 수 있는 예외적인 경우를 규율하고 있다. 따라서 급식을 위탁한 주야간보호기관이 조리원 배치 예외규정에 따라 위와 같은 근무시간을 충족하는 조리원을 배치하지 않아도 되는지는, 해당 주야간보호기관에 조리원을 상시 배치하여 수급자에 대하여 장기요양서비스 및 급식을 제공하는 것과 규범적·실질적으로 동등한 수준으로 급식이 제공되었는지를 기준으로 판단해야 한다. 즉, 전부 위탁이 일반적인 모습이기는 하나, 주야간보호기관이 급식과 관련된 업무를 전부 위탁하지 않았다는 사정만을 들어 이를 예외 없이 조리원 배치 예외규정에 따른 ‘급식 위탁’에 해당하지 않는다고 볼 것은 아니다. 조리원 배치 예외규정에 따른 ‘급식 위탁’에 해당하는지를 판단할 때에는, 조리원이 아닌 다른 직종의 종사자들이 급식 관련 업무를 수행함에 따라 본연의 업무를 수행하는 것에 지장이 초래되었는지와 그 정도, 수급자에게 제공된 식사의 양과 품질, 위생 및 영양 상태에 미치는 영향, 일부 위탁에 관한 부득이한 사정이 존재하는지 등 여러 사정들을 종합적으로 고려하되, 규범적인 측면에서 노인장기요양보험법의 입법 목적, 장기요양기관의 법령상 인력배치기준 및 장기요양급여비용 제도의 취지, 급여비용의 가산 또는 감액산정을 위한 여러 관련 규정들의 내용 등에 반하는지도 감안하여야 한다. [2] 갑 협동조합이 운영하는 주야간보호 급여를 제공하는 장기요양기관인 을 재가노인복지센터에 대하여 국민건강보험공단이 현지조사를 실시한 결과, 을 복지센터가 조리원을 배치하지 않은 채 수급자에게 제공할 급식 식단 중 일부(매주 월요일부터 토요일까지 반찬과 국)만을 급식위탁업체로부터 공급받아 왔고, 보조원(운전사)으로 신고된 종사자가 수급자에게 제공할 밥을 짓는 등 급식 관련 업무를 수행하거나, 매주 일요일에는 을 복지센터의 종사자들이 자체적으로 점심 식사를 마련하여 수급자에게 제공한 사실을 확인하고, 을 복지센터가 조리원 및 보조원(운전사) 관련 인력배치기준 및 인력추가배치 가산 기준을 위반하여 급여비용과 가산금을 부당하게 지급받았다는 이유로 갑 협동조합에 노인장기요양보험법 제43조 제1항에 따라 장기요양급여비용 징수처분을 한 사안에서, 원심판단 중 일요일 점심 식사가 위탁공급의 대상이 되지 않았다는 이유로 조리원 관련 인력배치기준을 위반한 것으로 볼 수 없다고 한 부분은 정당하나, 조리원이 아닌 급식 관련 업무를 사실상 수행하는 직원만을 두고, 해당 직원이 수행할 수 있는 업무를 제외한 나머지 부분을 위탁한 경우에는 조리원을 상시 배치하여 급식을 제공하는 것과 동등한 수준으로 급식이 제공되었다고 규범적으로 평가할 수 없음에도, 이와 달리 조리원 관련 인력배치기준 위반 및 그로 인한 인력추가배치 가산 기준 위반 부분의 처분사유를 인정하기 어렵다고 본 부분에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.

Order

원심판결 중 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 부산고등법원에 환송한다.

Unofficial English translation

The judgment of the court below with respect to the part where the defendant lost is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Busan High Court.

Provisions referred to

[1] 노인복지법 제39조 제4항, 노인복지법 시행규칙 제29조 제1항 [별표 9] 제4호 (가)목 / [2] 노인장기요양보험법 제31조 제1항, 제43조 제1항, 구 노인장기요양보험법 시행규칙(2025. 2. 28. 보건복지부령 제1095호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제23조 제2항 제1호, 노인복지법 제39조 제4항, 노인복지법 시행규칙 제29조 제1항 [별표 9] 제4호 (가)목

Read 2026-10-24 · Cross-read 2026-10-24. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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