Open Decision Ledger · Constitutional, administrative & state liability
Passive, after-the-fact council intervention in the mayor's personnel power
Supreme Court, Dec. 24, 2025, 2025Chu5020 (judgment)
Case name: 재의결무효확인
Official text on the National Law Information Center
Question
Was the Uiwang City Council's administrative investigation into whether the mayor properly disciplined a Uiwang City official over cyber opinion manipulation unlawful, because it did not concern an affair of a local government, aimed at involving itself in the prosecution of a trial still pending or an investigation still under way, invaded the mayor's exclusive authority in breach of the separation of powers, or seriously harmed the public interest?
Holding
No. The Supreme Court held that the investigation concerned the affairs of a local government, namely the guidance and supervision of subordinate agencies and the appointment, welfare and training of officials listed in Article 13(2)(i)(d) and (e) of the Local Autonomy Act, and that it did not aim to involve itself in the prosecution of a trial still pending or an investigation still under way. A local council may check the executive's personnel power passively and after the fact within the bounds of mutual restraint, so the mayor's exclusive disciplinary power was not invaded. A possible fall in public trust is a result inherent in any administrative investigation, and absent special circumstances it does not make the investigation seriously harm the public interest.
Summary of the holding, verbatim
위 행정사무조사는 의왕시장의 인사권에 관하여 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것에 불과하므로 의왕시장의 고유권한을 침해하거나 권력분립의 원칙을 위반한 것이라고 볼 수 없고
Unofficial English translation
the said administrative investigation merely constitutes a passive and ex post facto intervention within the scope of checks and balances regarding the personnel authority of the Mayor of Uiwang, and thus cannot be regarded as infringing the exclusive authority of the Mayor of Uiwang or as violating the principle of separation of powers,
Disposition
Other Stated in the decision
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
Unofficial English translation
1. The plaintiff's claim is dismissed. 2. The costs of litigation shall be borne by the plaintiff.
Form of the test
Elements stated Stated in the decision
따라서 지방의회는 집행기관의 인사권을 독자적으로 행사하거나 동등한 지위에서 합의하여 행사할 수 없고, 그에 관하여 사전에 적극적으로 개입하는 것도 원칙적으로 허용되지 않지만, 집행기관의 인사권에 관하여 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것은 허용된다.
Unofficial English translation
Accordingly, a local council may not independently exercise, or exercise by agreement on an equal footing, the personnel authority of an executive agency, and active intervention in advance in relation thereto is not permitted in principle, whereas passive and ex post facto intervention within the scope of checks and balances regarding the personnel authority of an executive agency is permitted.
Factors
- 지방자치단체의 소속 공무원에 대한 인사가 적정한지, 지방자치단체장이 소속 직원에 대하여 부당한 지휘·감독 권한을 행사하였는지 등을 조사하는 것에 해당하므로
- 지방자치법 제13조 제2항 제1호 (라)목, (마)목에서 정한 지방자치단체의 사무에 해당하고
- 계속 중인 재판이나 수사 중인 사건의 소추에 관여할 목적이 있다고 볼 수 없으며
- 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것에 불과하므로
- 행정사무조사로 인하여 피조사기관 및 의왕시장의 시정활동에 대한 신뢰도가 저하될 수 있다는 사정만으로는
Unofficial English translation
• as it constitutes an investigation into whether the personnel appointments of public officials belonging to a local government are appropriate, whether the head of the local government has exercised improper powers of direction and supervision over employees, and the like,
• as it pertains to the affairs of a local government prescribed in Article 13 (2) 1 (d) and (e) of the Local Autonomy Act, and
• as it cannot be regarded as having the purpose of intervening in the prosecution of a case under investigation or a trial in progress,
• as it merely constitutes a passive and ex post facto intervention within the scope of checks and balances, and
• merely from the circumstance that the reliability of the investigated agency and of the administrative activities of the Mayor of Uiwang may decline on account of the administrative investigation,
Relation to precedent
Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision
대법원 2009. 9. 24. 선고 2009추53 판결(공2009하, 1783)
Unofficial English translation
Supreme Court Decision 2009Chu53 decided September 24, 2009 (Gong 2009 Ha, 1783)
Decisions referred to
[1] 대법원 2009. 9. 24. 선고 2009추53 판결(공2009하, 1783), 대법원 2012. 12. 26. 선고 2012추91 판결
Burden of proof
Not addressed Not in the decision
Open question and revisit condition
If the council demands under Article 50(2) of the Local Autonomy Act, after the investigation closes, that the mayor correct the disciplinary decision already taken, does that demand go beyond a passive, after-the-fact restraint and become an impermissible intervention in the executive's personnel power?
The appeal trial now pending in the related criminal case against non-party 2 may change the findings about the mayor's involvement, and so change how the object of this investigation is seen. Any amendment to Article 49 of the Local Autonomy Act or Article 48 of its Enforcement Decree, and the investigation report together with any correction demand adopted under Article 50(2), would also require this entry to be read again.
Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check
6 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-24
A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on 6 of the 8 axes; the readings differed on axis 3 (disposition), axis 8 (open question and revisit condition).
Axis 3 (Disposition): Primary “Other” vs Independent “Dismissed”
Because this is a challenge to a council resolution and the order dismisses the plaintiff's claim, the primary may classify its procedural setting as other while the independent uses the express dismissal outcome.
원고의 청구를 기각한다.Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “If the council demands under Article 50(2) of the Local Autonomy Act, after the investigation closes, that the mayor correct the disciplinary decision already taken, does that demand go beyond a passive, after-the-fact restraint and become an impermissible intervention in the executive's personnel power?” vs Independent “What special circumstances would make an administrative investigation's effects on public confidence amount to serious harm to the public interest?”
The primary asks whether a later demand to correct discipline exceeds permissible oversight, while the independent asks when damage to public trust becomes serious public interest harm.
위 행정사무조사는 의왕시장의 인사권에 관하여 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것에 불과하므로 의왕시장의 고유권한을 침해하거나 권력분립의 원칙을 위반한 것이라고 볼 수 없고Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)
Lower-court contrast & scope of application
Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding
Lower-court context: The official text of this decision names no judgment or ruling of a court below, the case being heard by the Supreme Court alone. It records instead what the plaintiff, the Mayor of Uiwang, argued against the re-resolution: that the investigation targeted the personal misconduct of non-party 1 and so was not an investigation of a local government's affairs, that it breached Article 48 of the Enforcement Decree on the Local Autonomy Act by relating to a trial and an investigation still under way, that it sought to intervene directly in the mayor's disciplinary power and so breached the separation of powers, and that the phrase cyber opinion manipulation maligned his administration.
Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court rejected each claim in turn. It held that the plan aimed at the appropriateness of the discipline imposed and the mayor's involvement, not at non-party 1's misconduct itself, and so fell within Article 13(2)(i)(d) and (e) of the Local Autonomy Act; that choosing an informer as a witness and the existence of an investigation of the mayor did not show an aim to reach a pending case; and that the investigation was a passive, after-the-fact check which Article 50(2) of the Local Autonomy Act already contemplated, not a new restraint device. It also held that the term cyber opinion manipulation was taken from the facts of the criminal judgment and had a basis, so the plaintiff's claim was dismissed with the costs on the plaintiff, by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.
Distinguishing conditions
- A council measure that exercises the executive's personnel power itself or agrees to it on equal terms, or that intervenes in advance and actively, since the rule allows only intervention after the act within the bounds of mutual restraint.
- An investigation whose object is the official's misconduct itself rather than the propriety of the personnel action taken in response, so that it does not fall within the affairs of a local government under Article 13(2)(i)(d) and (e) of the Local Autonomy Act.
- A case where special circumstances are shown, so that the possible fall in the investigated body's standing is more than the result such a council investigation always carries and the public interest is seriously harmed.
Record verification notes
Read the adopted investigation plan and write down what it names as its object, since the Court turned on the difference between the misconduct itself and the propriety of the discipline and the mayor's involvement. Then list what is still pending on the same facts, as the appeal trial against non-party 2 and the investigation of the plaintiff were here, and check whether the plan's measures could reach their prosecution. Gather anything that would make the loss of trust worse than the ordinary result, and confirm that any loaded wording comes from the facts of the criminal judgment.
From the official text
Points at issue
[1] 지방의회가 집행기관의 인사권에 관하여 사전에 적극적으로 개입하는 것이 허용되는지 여부(원칙적 소극) 및 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것은 허용되는지 여부(적극) [2] 지방자치법 제49조 제1항에 따른 행정사무조사로 피조사기관 등의 신뢰도가 하락할 수 있다는 사정만으로 행정사무조사가 공익을 현저히 해친다고 볼 수 있는지 여부(원칙적 소극) [3] 의왕시청 소속 별정직공무원인 갑 등이 다른 사람의 아이디로 아파트 입주민들만 가입 가능한 온라인 커뮤니티에 접속하여 시정에 반대하는 여론에 대하여 반대하는 글을 작성하였다는 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률 위반죄로 유죄판결을 선고받은 한편, 의왕시장이 갑에게 견책의 징계처분을 한 사실과 관련하여, 의왕시의회가 ‘의왕시장 비서 사이버 여론조작 관련 행정사무조사 계획서 승인의 건’을 의결하자 의왕시장이 재의를 요구하였으나 원안대로 재의결한 사안에서, 위 행정사무조사는 지방자치단체의 사무에 해당하고, 계속 중인 재판이나 수사 중인 사건의 소추에 관여할 목적이 있다고 볼 수 없으며, 의왕시장의 고유권한을 침해하거나 권력분립의 원칙을 위반한 것이라고 볼 수 없고, 공익을 현저히 해치는 것이라고 보기도 어렵다고 한 사례
Unofficial English translation
[1] Whether a local council is permitted to actively intervene in advance in the personnel authority of an executive agency (in principle, negative) and whether it is permitted to intervene passively and ex post facto within the scope of checks and balances (affirmative) [2] Whether an administrative investigation under Article 49 (1) of the Local Autonomy Act can be regarded as significantly harming the public interest merely on the ground that the reliability of the investigated agency and others may decline as a result of the administrative investigation (in principle, negative) [3] A case in which A and others, civil servants in special service belonging to the Uiwang City Hall, were sentenced to a conviction for the crime of violating the Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection on the ground that they accessed an online community, to which only apartment residents could subscribe, using another person's identification, and wrote posts opposing the public opinion that opposed the city administration; and, on the other hand, in connection with the fact that the Mayor of Uiwang imposed a disciplinary measure of reprimand on A, when the Uiwang City Council adopted a resolution on the 'Bill to Approve the Administrative Investigation Plan concerning the Cyber Public Opinion Manipulation by the Secretary to the Mayor of Uiwang' and the Mayor of Uiwang demanded reconsideration, the bill was re-adopted as originally proposed, and it was held that the said administrative investigation pertains to the affairs of a local government, that it cannot be regarded as having the purpose of intervening in the prosecution of a case under investigation or a trial in progress, that it cannot be regarded as infringing the exclusive authority of the Mayor of Uiwang or as violating the principle of separation of powers, and that it is also difficult to regard it as significantly harming the public interest
Summary of the holding
[1] 지방자치법 제118조가 "지방자치단체의 장은 소속 직원(지방의회의 사무직원은 제외한다)을 지휘·감독하고 법령과 조례·규칙으로 정하는 바에 따라 그 임면·교육훈련·복무·징계 등에 관한 사항을 처리한다."라고 규정하고 있다. 또한 지방공무원법 제6조 제1항은 ‘지방자치단체의 장은 이 법에서 정하는 바에 따라 그 소속 공무원의 임명·휴직·면직과 징계를 하는 권한을 가진다.’라고 규정하고, 제72조 제1항은 "징계처분 등은 인사위원회의 의결을 거쳐 임용권자가 한다."라고 규정하고 있다. 위와 같은 지방자치법 및 지방공무원법의 내용과 체계에 비추어 보면, 지방자치단체의 장이 소속 공무원에 대하여 가지는 징계권은 인사권의 일부로서 집행기관의 고유권한에 속한다. 지방자치법상 지방자치단체의 집행기관과 지방의회는 서로 분립되어 각기 고유권한을 행사하되 상호 견제의 범위 내에서 상대방의 권한 행사에 대한 관여가 허용된다. 따라서 지방의회는 집행기관의 인사권을 독자적으로 행사하거나 동등한 지위에서 합의하여 행사할 수 없고, 그에 관하여 사전에 적극적으로 개입하는 것도 원칙적으로 허용되지 않지만, 집행기관의 인사권에 관하여 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것은 허용된다. [2] 지방자치법 제49조 제1항에 따른 행정사무조사는 지방의회가 지방자치단체의 사무 중 특정 사안에 관하여 조사를 할 필요가 있을 때 행하는 것으로, 조사 과정에서 드러난 사정이나 조사 결과에 따라 피조사기관 등에 대한 국민의 신뢰도가 하락할 수 있다는 점은 행정사무조사의 성격상 당연히 예정하고 있는 결과이다. 따라서 특별한 사정이 없는 한 행정사무조사로 인하여 피조사기관 등의 신뢰도가 하락할 수 있다는 사정만으로는 그러한 행정사무조사가 공익을 현저히 해친다고 보기 어렵다. [3] 의왕시청 소속 별정직공무원인 갑 등이 다른 사람의 아이디로 아파트 입주민들만 가입 가능한 온라인 커뮤니티에 접속하여 시정에 반대하는 여론에 대하여 반대하는 글을 작성하였다는 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률 위반죄로 유죄판결을 선고받은 한편, 의왕시장이 갑에게 견책의 징계처분을 한 사실과 관련하여, 의왕시의회가 ‘의왕시장 비서 사이버 여론조작 관련 행정사무조사 계획서 승인의 건’을 의결하자 의왕시장이 재의를 요구하였으나 원안대로 재의결한 사안에서, 위 행정사무조사는 갑의 비위행위에 따른 징계처분의 수위가 적정한지, 의왕시장이 갑의 비위행위에 관여했는지 등을 조사하기 위한 것으로 지방자치단체의 소속 공무원에 대한 인사가 적정한지, 지방자치단체장이 소속 직원에 대하여 부당한 지휘·감독 권한을 행사하였는지 등을 조사하는 것에 해당하므로 지방자치법 제13조 제2항 제1호 (라)목, (마)목에서 정한 지방자치단체의 사무에 해당하고, 계속 중인 재판이나 수사 중인 사건의 소추에 관여할 목적이 있다고 볼 수 없으며, 위 행정사무조사는 의왕시장의 인사권에 관하여 견제의 범위 내에서 소극적·사후적으로 개입하는 것에 불과하므로 의왕시장의 고유권한을 침해하거나 권력분립의 원칙을 위반한 것이라고 볼 수 없고, 행정사무조사로 인하여 피조사기관 및 의왕시장의 시정활동에 대한 신뢰도가 저하될 수 있다는 사정만으로는 그러한 행정사무조사가 공익을 현저히 해치는 것이라고 보기도 어렵다고 한 사례.
Order
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
Unofficial English translation
1. The plaintiff's claim is dismissed. 2. The costs of litigation shall be borne by the plaintiff.
Provisions referred to
[1] 지방자치법 제118조, 지방공무원법 제6조 제1항, 제72조 제1항 / [2] 지방자치법 제49조 제1항 / [3] 지방자치법 제13조 제1항, 제2항 제1호 (라)목, (마)목, 제49조 제1항, 제7항, 제118조, 지방자치법 시행령 제48조, 지방공무원법 제6조 제1항, 제72조 제1항
Read 2026-10-24 · Cross-read 2026-10-24. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.
Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.
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