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Open Decision Ledger · Tax & international taxation

Residence periods counted for the settlement-payment portion of a reconstruction gain

Supreme Court, Jan. 8, 2026, 2025Du34147 (judgment)

Case name: 양도소득세부과처분취소

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    Where a member of a reconstruction business association paid settlement money and then transferred the newly built house acquired thereby, must the two-year residence period required by Article 159-3 of the Income Tax Act Enforcement Decree be aggregated across the old building and the new house, or counted only in the new house, for each of the settlement-payment portion and the pre-existing-building portion of the capital gain?

  2. Holding

    It depends on which portion of the capital gain is in issue. For the pre-existing-building portion, the residence period in the old building and that in the new house are counted together; for the settlement-payment portion, the two-year condition is judged only on the residence period in the new house. The Court read the wording and structure of the provisions, the separate treatment of the two portions with their own holding periods in Article 166(2) and (5)(ii) of the Decree, and the purpose of the 2018 amendment adding the residence condition together, found no error in that reading below, and dismissed the appeal.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    재건축사업으로 청산금을 납부하고 취득한 신축주택을 양도하는 경우, 구 소득세법 제95조 제2항 표 외의 부분 단서 및 이에 따른 구 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3에서 정한 보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상이어야 하는 요건은, 기존건물분 양도차익에 대해서는 기존건물에서의 거주기간과 신축주택에서의 거주기간을 통산하여 살펴야 하지만, 청산금납부분 양도차익에 대해서는 신축주택에서의 거주기간만을 가지고 그 요건의 충족 여부를 판단하여야 한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    When transferring a newly constructed house acquired upon payment of the settlement proceeds in a reconstruction project, the requirement prescribed in the proviso to the part other than the table in paragraph (2) of Article 95 of the former Income Tax Act and in Article 159-3 of the former Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act made thereunder that the residence period during the holding period must be at least 2 years must, as regards the transfer gains from the portion of the existing building, be examined by aggregating the residence period in the existing building and the residence period in the newly constructed house, but as regards the transfer gains from the portion of the settlement payment, the satisfaction of that requirement must be determined on the basis of the residence period in the newly constructed house alone.
  3. Disposition

    Dismissed Stated in the decision

    상고를 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고가 부담한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The appeal is dismissed. The costs of the final appeal shall be borne by the plaintiff.
  4. Form of the test

    Circumstances weighed Stated in the decision

    청산금을 납부한 경우의 신축주택의 양도차익에 관하여는 ‘청산금납부분’과 ‘기존건물분’으로 구분하여 각 보유기간별로 장기보유 특별공제를 달리 적용하도록 정해져 있을 뿐 아니라, ‘대통령령으로 정하는 1세대 1주택’에 대하여 별도로 더 높은 비율의 장기보유 특별공제율을 정하면서 거주요건을 추가한 개정 취지 등을 종합적으로 고려하면

    Unofficial English translation

    as regards the transfer gains from a newly constructed house where the settlement proceeds have been paid, not only is it prescribed that the gains be divided into the 'portion of the settlement payment' and the 'portion of the existing building,' so that the long-term holding special deduction is applied differently according to each holding period, but also, if the purpose of the amendment, which added the residence requirement while separately setting a higher long-term holding special deduction rate for 'one house per household as prescribed by Presidential Decree,' and other factors are comprehensively considered,
  5. Factors

    • ‘보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상’이어야 한다는 거주요건이 추가되었고
    • 1주택 보유자에 대한 특례를 실수요자 중심으로 개편하는 데에 취지가 있다
    • ‘청산금납부분’과 ‘기존건물분’으로 구분하여 각 보유기간별로 장기보유 특별공제를 달리 적용하도록 정해져 있을 뿐 아니라
    • ‘대통령령으로 정하는 1세대 1주택’에 대하여 별도로 더 높은 비율의 장기보유 특별공제율을 정하면서 거주요건을 추가한 개정 취지

    Unofficial English translation

    • the residence requirement that the residence period during the holding period must be at least 2 years was added, and

    • the purpose lies in restructuring the special rule for persons holding one house with a focus on actual demand,

    • not only is it prescribed that the gains be divided into the 'portion of the settlement payment' and the 'portion of the existing building,' so that the long-term holding special deduction is applied differently according to each holding period, but also

    • the purpose of the amendment, which added the residence requirement while separately setting a higher long-term holding special deduction rate for 'one house per household as prescribed by Presidential Decree'

  6. Relation to precedent

    States a new standard Read from the decision

    재건축사업으로 청산금을 납부하고 취득한 신축주택을 양도하는 경우, 구 소득세법 제95조 제2항 표 외의 부분 단서 및 이에 따른 구 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3에서 정한 보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상이어야 하는 요건은, 기존건물분 양도차익에 대해서는 기존건물에서의 거주기간과 신축주택에서의 거주기간을 통산하여 살펴야 하지만, 청산금납부분 양도차익에 대해서는 신축주택에서의 거주기간만을 가지고 그 요건의 충족 여부를 판단하여야 한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    When transferring a newly constructed house acquired upon payment of the settlement proceeds in a reconstruction project, the requirement prescribed in the proviso to the part other than the table in paragraph (2) of Article 95 of the former Income Tax Act and in Article 159-3 of the former Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act made thereunder that the residence period during the holding period must be at least 2 years must, as regards the transfer gains from the portion of the existing building, be examined by aggregating the residence period in the existing building and the residence period in the newly constructed house, but as regards the transfer gains from the portion of the settlement payment, the satisfaction of that requirement must be determined on the basis of the residence period in the newly constructed house alone.

    Decisions referred to

    해당 본문 참조

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    Does the same split between the two portions apply where the new house was acquired in a redevelopment or a small-scale reconstruction project rather than a reconstruction project?

    An amendment to Article 159-3 of the Income Tax Act Enforcement Decree or to Article 166(2) and (5) of that Decree would call for a fresh reading. A later Supreme Court decision applying the residence condition to a redevelopment or a small-scale reconstruction project would also require this entry to be read again.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

5 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-24

A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on 5 of the 8 axes; the readings differed on axis 4 (form of the test), axis 6 (relation to precedent), axis 8 (open question and revisit condition).

Axis 4 (Form of the test): Primary “Circumstances weighed” vs Independent “Elements stated”

The primary emphasizes the text's combined consideration of wording, structure, and legislative purpose, while the independent emphasizes the resulting residence requirements for each gain portion.

청산금납부분 양도차익에 대해서는 신축주택에서의 거주기간만을 가지고 그 요건의 충족 여부를 판단하여야 한다.

Axis 6 (Relation to precedent): Primary “States a new standard” vs Independent “Cannot be determined”

The primary can view the distinction between the two gain portions as a new standard, while the independent can leave precedent relations unconfirmed because the supplied text does not identify earlier decisions.

재건축사업으로 청산금을 납부하고 취득한 신축주택을 양도하는 경우, 구 소득세법 제95조 제2항 표 외의 부분 단서 및 이에 따른 구 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3에서 정한 보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상이어야 하는 요건은, 기존건물분 양도차익에 대해서는 기존건물에서의 거주기간과 신축주택에서의 거주기간을 통산하여 살펴야 하지만, 청산금납부분 양도차익에 대해서는 신축주택에서의 거주기간만을 가지고 그 요건의 충족 여부를 판단하여야 한다.

Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “Does the same split between the two portions apply where the new house was acquired in a redevelopment or a small-scale reconstruction project rather than a reconstruction project?” vs Independent “How should the residence requirement apply when reconstruction involves receipt of a settlement payment rather than an additional payment?”

The primary asks about extension to redevelopment or small-scale reconstruction, while the independent asks about receiving rather than paying settlement money.

재건축사업으로 청산금을 납부하고 취득한 신축주택을 양도하는 경우, 구 소득세법 제95조 제2항 표 외의 부분 단서 및 이에 따른 구 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3에서 정한 보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상이어야 하는 요건은, 기존건물분 양도차익에 대해서는 기존건물에서의 거주기간과 신축주택에서의 거주기간을 통산하여 살펴야 하지만, 청산금납부분 양도차익에 대해서는 신축주택에서의 거주기간만을 가지고 그 요건의 충족 여부를 판단하여야 한다.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The court below held that, for the settlement-payment portion of the capital gain, the long-term holding special deduction at the higher rate in Table 2 of Article 95(2) of the former Income Tax Act is available only where the residence period in the new house reaches two years, and that where it does not, only the deduction under Table 1 of the main clause applies. On that basis it held lawful the tax office's disposition challenged in this case.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court found no error. Reading the provisions referred to together with the law, it held that the court below had not misunderstood the law on the conditions for the long-term holding special deduction, and dismissed the taxpayer's appeal by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Distinguishing conditions

  • A transfer made before 1 January 2020, since the proviso to Article 1 and Article 3 of the Supplementary Provisions apply the amended rule only to transfers made from 1 January 2020.
  • A transfer of a house not acquired by paying settlement money in a reconstruction project, since the division into the two portions comes from Article 166(2) of the Decree.
  • A gain to which only the deduction rates of Table 1 of Article 95(2) of the former Income Tax Act apply, since the residence condition concerns eligibility for the higher rates in Table 2.

Record verification notes

Check the transfer date first, since Article 1(i) and Article 3 of the Supplementary Provisions apply the residence condition only to transfers made from 1 January 2020. Then separate the capital gain into the settlement-payment and pre-existing-building portions, and gather the record on residence in the old building and in the new house for each, because only the pre-existing-building portion can aggregate the two. Also confirm the holding period fixed for each portion under Article 166(5)(ii) of the Decree.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 2018. 10. 23. 대통령령 제29242호로 개정된 구 소득세법에 거주요건이 추가된 취지 [2] 재건축사업으로 청산금을 납부하고 취득한 신축주택을 양도하는 경우, 구 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3에서 정한 ‘보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상’이어야 하는 요건의 충족 여부를 판단할 때 포함되는 범위(=신축주택에서의 거주기간)

Unofficial English translation

[1] The rationale behind adding a residence requirement to the former Income Tax Act as amended by Presidential Decree No. 29242 on October 23, 2018 [2] When transferring a newly constructed house acquired upon payment of the settlement proceeds in a reconstruction project, the scope included in determining whether the requirement that 'the residence period during the holding period must be at least 2 years' prescribed in Article 159-3 of the former Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act is satisfied (= the residence period in the newly constructed house)

Summary of the holding

[1] 2018. 10. 23. 대통령령 제29242호로 개정되기 전의 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3은 구 소득세법(2020. 8. 18. 법률 제17477호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 같다) 제95조 제2항 표 외 부분 단서에서의 ‘대통령령으로 정하는 1세대 1주택’을 ‘1세대가 양도일 현재 국내에 1주택을 소유하고 있는 경우의 그 주택을 말한다.’고 규정하고 있었으나, 소득세법 시행령이 개정되면서 ‘보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상’이어야 한다는 거주요건이 추가되었고, 부칙 제1조 단서 및 제3조에서 위 개정규정은 2020. 1. 1. 이후 양도하는 분부터 적용한다고 규정하였다. 이와 같이 거주요건이 추가된 것은 구 소득세법 제95조 제2항 단서 표 2에 따른 장기보유 특별공제율을 적용받기 위한 요건을 엄격히 강화함으로써 1주택 보유자에 대한 특례를 실수요자 중심으로 개편하는 데에 취지가 있다. [2] 구 소득세법(2020. 8. 18. 법률 제17477호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 같다) 제94조 제1항 제1호, 제95조 제1항, 제2항, 제4항, 구 소득세법 시행령(2018. 10. 23. 대통령령 제29242호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제159조의3, 구 소득세법 시행령(2021. 1. 5. 대통령령 제31380호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 같다) 제159조의3, 제166조 제2항, 제5항 제2호, 부칙 제1조 단서, 제3조의 문언과 체계 및 청산금을 납부한 경우의 신축주택의 양도차익에 관하여는 ‘청산금납부분’과 ‘기존건물분’으로 구분하여 각 보유기간별로 장기보유 특별공제를 달리 적용하도록 정해져 있을 뿐 아니라, ‘대통령령으로 정하는 1세대 1주택’에 대하여 별도로 더 높은 비율의 장기보유 특별공제율을 정하면서 거주요건을 추가한 개정 취지 등을 종합적으로 고려하면, 재건축사업으로 청산금을 납부하고 취득한 신축주택을 양도하는 경우, 구 소득세법 제95조 제2항 표 외의 부분 단서 및 이에 따른 구 소득세법 시행령 제159조의3에서 정한 보유기간 중 거주기간이 2년 이상이어야 하는 요건은, 기존건물분 양도차익에 대해서는 기존건물에서의 거주기간과 신축주택에서의 거주기간을 통산하여 살펴야 하지만, 청산금납부분 양도차익에 대해서는 신축주택에서의 거주기간만을 가지고 그 요건의 충족 여부를 판단하여야 한다.

Order

상고를 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고가 부담한다.

Unofficial English translation

The appeal is dismissed. The costs of the final appeal shall be borne by the plaintiff.

Provisions referred to

[1] 구 소득세법 시행령(2018. 10. 23. 대통령령 제29242호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제159조의3, 구 소득세법 시행령(2021. 1. 5. 대통령령 제31380호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제159조의3, 소득세법 시행령 부칙(2018. 10. 23.) 제1조, 제3조 / [2] 구 소득세법(2020. 8. 18. 법률 제17477호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제94조 제1항 제1호, 제95조 제1항, 제2항, 제4항, 구 소득세법 시행령(2018. 10. 23. 대통령령 제29242호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제159조의3, 구 소득세법 시행령(2021. 1. 5. 대통령령 제31380호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제159조의3, 제166조 제2항, 제5항 제2호, 소득세법 시행령 부칙(2018. 10. 23.) 제1조, 제3조

Read 2026-10-24 · Cross-read 2026-10-24. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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