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Open Decision Ledger · IP, data & telecommunications

Object of a patent injunction execution and grounds for an objection

Supreme Court, Sept. 29, 2025, 2025Ma6304 (ruling)

Case name: 집행에관한이의

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    In a provisional disposition prohibiting patent infringement, must the creditor specify the debtor's article so that it can be identified for execution, must the enforcement officer confirm the content of the enforcement title for that purpose, and may an objection to enforcement raise that the protected right of the enforcement title never existed or has been extinguished?

  2. Holding

    Yes to the first two. Because the purpose of the injunction is achieved through its execution where the violation continues, the creditor must specify the debtor's article or method concretely enough to be executable, and for an article invention the specification must make the article distinguishable from others by the product name and model number, explanations, drawings or photographs; the enforcement officer must likewise confirm the content of the enforcement title. But a ground that the protected infringement-prohibition claim never existed or has been extinguished concerns the substantive rights under the enforcement title itself, so it must be raised by an objection to the provisional disposition or by a cancellation application, not by an objection to enforcement. On the facts, the debtor had only removed an encoder, an essential component, from the very device in use when the injunction was issued, and it was not impossible or difficult to put the encoder back, so the removal did not affect the identification of the object of execution; that removal amounted to a substantive claim that the product no longer infringed.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    집행권원의 피보전권리인 침해금지청구권의 부존재 내지 소멸을 주장하는 것에 해당하는 사유는 가처분이의(민사집행법 제301조, 제283조)나 사정변경 등에 따른 가처분취소(민사집행법 제301조, 제288조)로 다투어야 할 것이고, 집행에 관한 이의신청으로 다툴 수는 없다.

    Unofficial English translation

    Grounds consisting of an assertion of the non-existence or extinguishment of the claim to injunctive relief against infringement, which is the secured right in the enforcement title, must be contested by way of an objection to a provisional disposition (Civil Execution Act Articles 301 and 283) or a revocation of a provisional disposition on account of a change of circumstances or the like (Civil Execution Act Articles 301 and 288), and cannot be contested by way of an application raising objection as to enforcement.
  3. Disposition

    Reversed and remanded Stated in the decision

    원심결정을 파기하고, 사건을 대구지방법원에 환송한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The order of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Daegu District Court.
  4. Form of the test

    Elements stated Stated in the decision

    집행관이 특허권침해금지가처분결정에 따른 집행을 실시함에 있어서도 그 집행대상을 특정하기 위한 집행권원상의 내용을 확인하여야 한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    Even where a court enforcement officer carries out enforcement pursuant to a provisional disposition order enjoining infringement of a patent right, the officer must check the content of the enforcement title for the purpose of identifying the target of enforcement.
  5. Factors

    • 채권자는 금지청구의 대상인 채무자의 물건 또는 방법을 집행이 가능할 정도로 구체적으로 특정하여야 한다
    • 집행권원 자체에 대한 실체권리관계에 관한 사유는 집행에 관한 이유사유로 삼을 수 없으므로
    • 을이 외부로부터 새로운 장치를 들여온 것이 아니라 가처분결정 당시 사용하고 있던 장치에서 엔코더를 제거하였다는 것에 불과하고
    • 엔코더를 다시 추가하는 것이 불가능하거나 어렵다고 보이지 않으므로
    • 일부 구성요소를 제거한 실시제품이 갑의 특허를 침해하지 않는 제품이 되었는지 평가하여야 하는 실체상의 주장과 같아

    Unofficial English translation

    • The creditor must specifically identify the debtor's thing or method that is the subject of the injunction claim to a degree that permits enforcement,

    • since grounds concerning the substantive right relationship as to the enforcement title itself cannot be made grounds for objection as to enforcement,

    • that B merely removed the encoder from the device it had been using at the time of the provisional disposition order, rather than bringing in a new device from outside, and

    • since it does not appear that adding the encoder again is impossible or difficult,

    • is the same as a substantive assertion requiring an evaluation of whether the accused product from which some components have been removed became a product that does not infringe A's patent,

  6. Relation to precedent

    Follows earlier decisions Stated in the decision

    대법원 1987. 3. 24. 자 86마카51 결정(공1987, 1041)

    Unofficial English translation

    Supreme Court Decision 86MaKa51 decided March 24, 1987 (Gong 1987, 1041)

    Decisions referred to

    [2] 대법원 1987. 3. 24. 자 86마카51 결정(공1987, 1041)

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    How impossible or difficult must refitting the removed component be before its removal identifies a different article for execution purposes?

    The remand judgment of the Daegu District Court, once it decides whether the seven rolling devices remain the object of execution, will show how the specification requirement works in practice. A later decision treating a removed essential component as making the product a different article, or an amendment to Article 126(1) of the Patent Act or Articles 283 and 288 of the Civil Execution Act, would require this entry to be read again.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

7 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-24

A reader from another model family (GPT-6 Astra), given the official text but not the primary reading, agreed on 7 of the 8 axes; the readings differed on axis 8 (open question and revisit condition).

Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “How impossible or difficult must refitting the removed component be before its removal identifies a different article for execution purposes?” vs Independent “Did removing the encoder actually extinguish the patent holder's substantive right to prohibit infringement?”

The primary reading asks how difficult refitting must be before removal identifies a different article for execution; the independent reading asks whether removal actually extinguished the substantive injunction right.

집행권원의 피보전권리인 침해금지청구권의 부존재 내지 소멸을 주장하는 것에 해당하는 사유는 가처분이의(민사집행법 제301조, 제283조)나 사정변경 등에 따른 가처분취소(민사집행법 제301조, 제288조)로 다투어야 할 것이고, 집행에 관한 이의신청으로 다툴 수는 없다.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The Daegu District Court, in its ruling of 24 April 2025 (2024Ra10826), left unaltered the first-instance ruling that granted the debtor's objection to enforcement and cancelled the provisional disposition execution against the debtor's seven rolling devices. It held that the debtor's products, from which the encoder had been removed, could not be regarded as the product attached to the injunction, and that the absence of the encoder, an essential component, was apparent on the outside so that whether a product fell within the object of execution was a matter the enforcement officer could investigate and decide.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court reversed. It held that the schedule attached to the injunction listed the name, drawing, composition and resulting products of the rolling device, and that the individual components including the encoder were detailed explanations of the composition, so the enforcement officer had to carry out the execution against the device the debtor had used to make the pipe covers when the injunction was issued, read against all those items. The debtor had not brought in a new device and the encoder could be added back, so the removal did not identify a different article and amounted to a substantive claim, not a lawful ground for an objection to enforcement; the ruling below had therefore misread the scope of the enforcement officer's duty to investigate and execute and the grounds for an objection to enforcement.

Distinguishing conditions

  • A case in which the debtor brought in a new device from outside rather than removing a component from the device in use when the injunction was issued.
  • A case in which the removed component was taken out of the device altogether and re-adding it is impossible or difficult, since the Court relied on the fact that the encoder could be put back.
  • A ground that the infringement-prohibition claim never existed or has been extinguished, which the Court said must be raised by an objection to the provisional disposition under Article 283 or by a cancellation application under Article 288 of the Civil Execution Act.

Record verification notes

Set the enforcement title's schedule against the device found on site: check the name, product model, drawing, composition and photographs for each component, since the Court read them together rather than item by item. Then separate the objection's grounds into formal or procedural defects, which an objection to enforcement may raise, and claims about the underlying right, which must go to a separate provisional-disposition route. Finally, record when and how the component was removed and whether it can be refitted.

From the official text

Points at issue

[1] 물건의 발명에 관한 특허권침해금지가처분 절차에서 채권자가 금지청구의 대상인 채무자의 물건을 특정하여야 하는 정도 및 집행관이 가처분결정에 따른 집행을 실시할 때 집행대상을 특정하기 위한 집행권원상 내용을 확인하여야 하는지 여부(적극) [2] 집행권원의 피보전권리인 침해금지청구권의 부존재 내지 소멸을 주장하는 것에 대한 사유를 집행에 관한 이의신청으로 다툴 수 있는지 여부(소극) [3] 갑이 단열파이프 제조장치를 통해 단열파이프를 생산하고 있는 을을 상대로 을이 갑의 보유 특허를 침해하고 있다며 특허침해금지가처분을 신청하여 ‘채무자는 위 제조장치를 생산, 사용, 양도, 대여 등을 하여서는 안 되고, 채무자 공장 등에서 보관 중인 제조장치를 채권자가 위임하는 집행관에게 인도하여야 하며, 집행관이 위 물건을 채무자가 보관하던 장소에서 계속 보관하게 하는 경우에는 그 보관 취지를 보관 장소에 적당한 방법으로 공시하여야 한다.’는 취지의 가처분결정이 내려지자, 을이 위 제조장치에서 필수적 구성요소인 엔코더의 하드웨어를 제거하였는데, 그 후 갑으로부터 집행을 위임을 받은 집행관이 을의 공장 내에서 엔코더가 제거된 상태인 장치(실시제품)에 고시문을 부착하자, 을이 실시제품은 가처분결정의 집행대상이 아니라며 집행에 관한 이의신청을 한 사안에서, 엔코더의 부착 유무가 가처분결정에 따른 집행대상을 식별하거나 특정하는 데 영향을 미쳤다고 보기 어렵고, 을의 제조장치에서 엔코더를 제거함에 따라 이를 집행대상으로 삼을 수 없다는 취지의 주장은 적법한 집행에 관한 이의사유로 볼 수 없는데도, 이와 달리 보아 을의 이의신청을 인용한 제1심결정을 그대로 유지한 원심결정에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례

Unofficial English translation

[1] The extent to which the creditor must identify the debtor's thing that is the subject of the injunction claim in a provisional disposition procedure seeking an injunction against infringement of a patent right relating to a product invention, and whether the court enforcement officer, when carrying out enforcement pursuant to a provisional disposition order, must check the content of the enforcement title for the purpose of identifying the target of enforcement (affirmative) [2] Whether grounds consisting of an assertion of the non-existence or extinguishment of the claim to injunctive relief against infringement, which is the secured right in the enforcement title, may be contested by way of an application raising objection as to enforcement (negative) [3] A applied for a provisional disposition enjoining infringement of a patent right against B, who produces insulated pipes by means of an insulated pipe manufacturing apparatus, alleging that B was infringing a patent held by A, and a provisional disposition order to the effect that "the debtor must not manufacture, use, transfer, lease, etc. the above apparatus; the debtor must deliver the apparatus kept in the debtor's factory, etc. to the court enforcement officer appointed by the creditor; and where the court enforcement officer keeps the above thing in the place where the debtor had kept it, the officer must publicly announce the fact of such keeping at the place of keeping by an appropriate method" was issued; B removed the hardware of the encoder, an essential component, from the above apparatus; and thereafter, when the court enforcement officer entrusted with enforcement by A posted a notice on the device (the accused product) in the state in which the encoder had been removed within B's factory, B filed an application raising objection as to enforcement, asserting that the accused product was not the target of enforcement under the provisional disposition order. In this case, the presence or absence of the encoder can hardly be regarded as affecting the identification or specification of the target of enforcement under the provisional disposition order, and the assertion to the effect that, because the encoder was removed from B's apparatus, it cannot be made the subject of enforcement, cannot be regarded as lawful grounds for objection as to enforcement; yet the order of the court below, which maintained as it stood the order of the court of first instance granting B's objection by taking a contrary view, is erroneous on the ground of misapprehension of legal principles (case)

Summary of the holding

[1] 특허법 제126조 제1항은 특허권자가 자기의 권리를 침해하거나 침해할 우려가 있는 사람에 대하여 그 침해의 금지 내지 예방을 청구할 수 있다고 정하고 있고, 특허권침해금지가처분 절차는 특허권자의 침해금지청구권을 피보전권리로 하여 가처분 채무자로 하여금 특정 물건의 생산, 판매, 사용 등을 금지하기 위한 것이다. 이러한 가처분결정 이후에도 위반행위가 계속되는 경우 가처분집행으로 그 목적을 달성하여야 하므로, 채권자는 금지청구의 대상인 채무자의 물건 또는 방법을 집행이 가능할 정도로 구체적으로 특정하여야 한다. 특히 물건의 발명의 경우 채무자가 생산, 판매하고 있는 상품명, 제품형식번호 등을 기재하고 설명을 첨가하거나 도면이나 사진을 첨부하는 등의 방법으로 채무자가 실제 실시하고 있는 물건과 다른 물건을 식별 가능할 정도로 특정하여야 하고, 집행관이 특허권침해금지가처분결정에 따른 집행을 실시함에 있어서도 그 집행대상을 특정하기 위한 집행권원상의 내용을 확인하여야 한다. [2] 집행에 관한 이의신청은 집행 또는 집행행위에 형식적, 절차상의 하자가 있는 경우에 할 수 있고 집행권원 자체에 대한 실체권리관계에 관한 사유는 집행에 관한 이유사유로 삼을 수 없으므로, 집행권원의 피보전권리인 침해금지청구권의 부존재 내지 소멸을 주장하는 것에 해당하는 사유는 가처분이의(민사집행법 제301조, 제283조)나 사정변경 등에 따른 가처분취소(민사집행법 제301조, 제288조)로 다투어야 할 것이고, 집행에 관한 이의신청으로 다툴 수는 없다. [3] 갑이 단열파이프 제조장치를 통해 단열파이프를 생산하고 있는 을을 상대로 을이 갑의 보유 특허를 침해하고 있다며 특허침해금지가처분을 신청하여 ‘채무자는 위 제조장치를 생산, 사용, 양도, 대여 등을 하여서는 안 되고, 채무자 공장 등에서 보관 중인 제조장치를 채권자가 위임하는 집행관에게 인도하여야 하며, 집행관이 위 물건을 채무자가 보관하던 장소에서 계속 보관하게 하는 경우에는 그 보관 취지를 보관 장소에 적당한 방법으로 공시하여야 한다.’는 취지의 가처분결정이 내려지자, 을이 위 제조장치에서 필수적 구성요소인 엔코더의 하드웨어를 제거하였는데, 그 후 갑으로부터 집행을 위임받은 집행관이 을의 공장 내에서 엔코더가 제거된 상태인 장치(이하 ‘실시제품’이라 한다)에 고시문을 부착하자, 을이 실시제품은 가처분결정의 집행대상이 아니라며 집행에 관한 이의신청을 한 사안에서, 집행관은 을이 가처분결정 당시 제품 생산에 사용하고 있던 장치에 대하여 가처분집행을 실시하여야 하는데, 을이 외부로부터 새로운 장치를 들여온 것이 아니라 가처분결정 당시 사용하고 있던 장치에서 엔코더를 제거하였다는 것에 불과하고 엔코더를 다시 추가하는 것이 불가능하거나 어렵다고 보이지 않으므로, 엔코더의 부착 유무가 가처분결정에 따른 집행대상을 식별하거나 특정하는 데 영향을 미쳤다고 보기 어렵고, 을의 제조장치에서 엔코더를 제거함에 따라 이를 집행대상으로 삼을 수 없다는 취지의 주장은 일부 구성요소를 제거한 실시제품이 갑의 특허를 침해하지 않는 제품이 되었는지 평가하여야 하는 실체상의 주장과 같아 이를 적법한 집행에 관한 이의사유로 볼 수 없는데도, 이와 달리 보아 을의 이의신청을 인용한 제1심결정을 그대로 유지한 원심결정에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.

Order

원심결정을 파기하고, 사건을 대구지방법원에 환송한다.

Unofficial English translation

The order of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Daegu District Court.

Provisions referred to

[1] 특허법 제126조 제1항, 민사집행법 제300조 / [2] 민사집행법 제16조, 제283조, 제288조, 제301조 / [3] 특허법 제126조 제1항, 민사집행법 제16조, 제283조, 제288조, 제300조, 제301조

Read 2026-10-24 · Cross-read 2026-10-24. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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