Open Decision Ledger · Rehabilitation & bankruptcy
Whether an Individual Rehabilitation Creditor May Bring a Creditor Revocation Action After an Order Commencing Individual Rehabilitation Proceedings
Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean
Supreme Court, Sept. 9, 2010, 2010Da37141 (judgment)
Case name: 사해행위취소등
Official text on the National Law Information Center
Question
May an individual rehabilitation creditor bring a creditor revocation action after an order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings has been made?
Holding
After the commencement decision, the debtor must exercise the right of avoidance for the purpose of equal satisfaction of all creditors. The Supreme Court held that an individual rehabilitation creditor may not separately bring a creditor revocation action aimed at preserving the property available for satisfaction of each individual claim.
Summary of the holding, verbatim
개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 후에는 채무자가 총채권자에 대한 평등변제를 목적으로 하는 부인권을 행사하여야 하고, 개인회생채권자목록에 기재된 개인회생채권을 변제받거나 변제를 요구하는 일체의 행위를 할 수 없는 개인회생채권자가 개별적 강제집행을 전제로 하여 개개의 채권에 대한 책임재산의 보전을 목적으로 하는 채권자취소소송을 제기할 수는 없다.
Unofficial English translation
After an order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings has been rendered, the debtor must exercise the right of avoidance, the purpose of which is equal repayment to all creditors, and an individual rehabilitation creditor, who cannot engage in any act to receive payment of or demand payment of the individual rehabilitation claims entered in the list of individual rehabilitation claims, cannot bring a creditor revocation action, which is premised on individual compulsory execution and aims at preserving the estate in respect of each individual claim.
Disposition
Dismissed Stated in the decision
상고를 모두 기각한다.
Unofficial English translation
All appeals are dismissed.
Form of the test
Elements stated Read from the decision
개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 후에는 채무자가 총채권자에 대한 평등변제를 목적으로 하는 부인권을 행사하여야 하고
Unofficial English translation
After an order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings has been rendered, the debtor must exercise the right of avoidance, the purpose of which is equal repayment to all creditors, and
Factors
- 집단적 채무처리절차인 개인회생절차의 성격
- 총채권자에 대한 평등변제를 목적으로 하는 부인권
- 개인회생채권자목록에 기재된 개인회생채권을 변제받거나 변제를 요구하는 일체의 행위를 할 수 없는 개인회생채권자
- 개별적 강제집행을 전제로 하여 개개의 채권에 대한 책임재산의 보전을 목적으로 하는 채권자취소소송
Unofficial English translation
• The nature of individual rehabilitation proceedings as a collective debt resolution procedure
• The right of avoidance, the purpose of which is equal repayment to all creditors
• Individual rehabilitation creditors who cannot engage in any act to receive payment of or demand payment of the individual rehabilitation claims entered in the list of individual rehabilitation claims
• A creditor revocation action, which is premised on individual compulsory execution and aims at preserving the estate in respect of each individual claim
Relation to precedent
States a new standard Read from the decision
개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 이후에 개인회생채권자가 채권자취소소송을 제기할 수 있는지 여부(소극)
Unofficial English translation
Whether an individual rehabilitation creditor may bring a creditor revocation action after an order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings has been rendered (negative)
Decisions referred to
None listed
Burden of proof
Not addressed Not in the decision
Open question and revisit condition
May creditors who are not entered in the list of individual rehabilitation creditors, or creditors after the individual rehabilitation proceedings have been discontinued, also not bring a creditor revocation action?
If Article 584, Article 347 paragraph (1), and Article 406 of the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act are amended, or if a Supreme Court holding concerning creditors not entered in the list is handed down, this reading will be examined again.
Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check
7 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-16
Compared with an independent reading by a different family of AI (GPT-6 Astra), which read only the original text without seeing the primary reading, 7 of the 8 axes matched, and the readings diverged on axis 6 (Relation to precedent).
Axis 6 (Relation to precedent): Primary “States a new standard” vs Independent “Cannot be determined”
The original text derives the restriction on bringing an action from the purport of the relevant provisions and the nature of the proceedings, but does not make explicit its relation to earlier decisions; the primary reading may attend to the statement of a new standard, while the independent reading may attend to the absence of information with which the relation to precedent could be confirmed.
개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 이후에 개인회생채권자가 채권자취소소송을 제기할 수 있는지 여부(소극)Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)
Lower-court contrast & scope of application
Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding
Lower-court context: The court below found that the debtor, a non-party, received an order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings on February 19, 2008 and an approval order of the repayment plan on June 4, 2008, that the proceedings had not been discontinued, that the plaintiff's claim was also entered in the list of individual rehabilitation creditors, and that this action for revocation of a fraudulent act was filed on January 5, 2009; it then held that this action, brought separately by the plaintiff, an individual rehabilitation creditor, after the commencement decision, was improperly filed.
Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court set forth the legal principle that after the commencement decision the debtor must exercise the right of avoidance and that an individual rehabilitation creditor may not bring a creditor revocation action, and, agreeing that the holding of the court below was proper, did not accept the contention that legal principles concerning individual rehabilitation proceedings and actions for revocation of fraudulent acts were misapprehended.
Distinguishing conditions
- Where the plaintiff's claim is not entered in the list of individual rehabilitation creditors
- Where the creditor revocation action was filed before the order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings and was pending at the time of the commencement decision, so that the suspension and continuation of the litigation proceedings is at issue
- Where the action was filed after the individual rehabilitation proceedings were discontinued or concluded
Record verification notes
Before asserting the same conclusion, one must first check the order in time between the date of the commencement decision and the date the action was filed, whether the plaintiff's claim is entered in the list of individual rehabilitation creditors, and whether the individual rehabilitation proceedings were subsisting, without having been discontinued, at the time the action was filed.
From the official text
Points at issue
개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 이후에 개인회생채권자가 채권자취소소송을 제기할 수 있는지 여부(소극)
Unofficial English translation
Whether an individual rehabilitation creditor may bring a creditor revocation action after an order commencing individual rehabilitation proceedings has been rendered (negative)
Summary of the holding
채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률 제584조, 제347조 제1항, 제406조에 의하면, 개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 후에는 채무자가 부인권을 행사하고, 법원은 채권자 또는 회생위원의 신청에 의하거나 직권으로 채무자에게 부인권의 행사를 명할 수 있으며, 개인회생채권자가 제기한 채권자취소소송이 개인회생절차 개시결정 당시에 계속되어 있는 때에는 그 소송절차는 수계 또는 개인회생절차의 종료에 이르기까지 중단된다. 이러한 규정 취지와 집단적 채무처리절차인 개인회생절차의 성격, 부인권의 목적 등에 비추어 보면, 개인회생절차 개시결정이 내려진 후에는 채무자가 총채권자에 대한 평등변제를 목적으로 하는 부인권을 행사하여야 하고, 개인회생채권자목록에 기재된 개인회생채권을 변제받거나 변제를 요구하는 일체의 행위를 할 수 없는 개인회생채권자가 개별적 강제집행을 전제로 하여 개개의 채권에 대한 책임재산의 보전을 목적으로 하는 채권자취소소송을 제기할 수는 없다.
Order
상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고가 부담한다.
Unofficial English translation
All appeals are dismissed. The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the plaintiff.
Provisions referred to
민법 제406조, 채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률 제347조 제1항, 제406조, 제584조
Read 2026-10-16 · Cross-read 2026-10-16. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.
Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.
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