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Open Decision Ledger · Criminal & investigative procedure

In a search and seizure of Kakao server conversation records, the gravity of failure to present the original warrant, printing without selection, and failure to guarantee the right to participate

Translated from the Korean original. Read the Korean

Supreme Court, May 31, 2022, 2016Mo587 (ruling)

Case name: 준항고인용결정에대한재항고

Official text on the National Law Information Center

  1. Question

    Must a search and seizure of a suspect's KakaoTalk conversation records stored on an internet service provider's server be quashed where the original warrant was not presented, the entire content was printed without selection, and neither the right to participate nor delivery of a list was guaranteed?

  2. Holding

    The court below erred in holding that this search and seizure did not fall within the proviso to Article 122 of the Criminal Procedure Act, which requires cases requiring urgency; however, taken together, the failure to present the original warrant, the printing and seizure of the entire content without selecting the parts related to the alleged facts, and the failure to guarantee the right to participate of, and to deliver a list to, the quasi-appellant, who was the person subject to the seizure in substance, are so grave as to render the entire procedure unlawful. Accordingly, the conclusion of the court below quashing the search and seizure may be affirmed.

    Summary of the holding, verbatim

    압수·수색에서 나타난 위법이 압수·수색절차 전체를 위법하게 할 정도로 중대하다고 보아 압수·수색을 취소한 원심의 결론을 수긍할 수 있다고 한 사례.

    Unofficial English translation

    A case in which it was held that the conclusion of the court below, which canceled the search and seizure on the ground that the illegality revealed in the search and seizure was serious enough to render the entire search and seizure procedure illegal, could be affirmed.
  3. Disposition

    Dismissed Stated in the decision

    재항고를 기각한다.

    Unofficial English translation

    The re-appeal is dismissed.
  4. Form of the test

    Existing test applied Read from the decision

    압수·수색을 취소한 원심의 결론을 수긍한 사례

    Unofficial English translation

    A case affirming the conclusion of the court below, which canceled the search and seizure
  5. Factors

    • 영장 원본을 제시하지 않은 점
    • 혐의사실과 관련된 부분을 선별하지 않고 그 일체를 출력하여 증거물로 압수하였고
    • 서비스이용자로서 실질적 피압수자이자 피의자인 준항고인에게 참여권을 보장하지 않은 위법
    • 압수한 전자정보 목록을 교부하지 않은 점

    Unofficial English translation

    • The fact that the original of the warrant was not presented

    • that the entirety was printed out without selecting the portions related to the suspected facts and seized as evidence, and

    • the illegality of failing to guarantee the right to participate of the quasi-appellant, who, as a service user, is the actual person subject to seizure and the suspect

    • The fact that a list of the seized electronic information was not delivered

  6. Relation to precedent

    Cannot be determined Not in the decision

    Decisions referred to

    None listed

  7. Burden of proof

    Not addressed Not in the decision

  8. Open question and revisit condition

    Where a service provider is unable to separate and extract only the information related to the criminal facts, at what stage and in what manner must the investigating authority select the electronic information it receives in order for the procedure to be lawful?

    If the Supreme Court's holding on the seizure procedure for electronic information stored on a service provider's server, or on the interpretation of the proviso to Article 122 of the Criminal Procedure Act, changes, this reading will be reviewed again.

Cross-family AI independent reading & axis check

7 of 8 axes matched GPT-6 Astra (OpenAI, codex CLI) · 2026-10-16

As compared with an independent reading by another AI model (GPT-6 Astra), which read only the original text without seeing the primary reading, 7 of the 8 axes agreed, and the readings diverged on the 8th axis (Open question and revisit condition).

Axis 8 (Open question and revisit condition): Primary “Where a service provider is unable to separate and extract only the information related to the criminal facts, at what stage and in what manner must the investigating authority select the electronic information it receives in order for the procedure to be lawful?” vs Independent “Even where only one of the procedural unlawfulnesses recognized in this case exists, can it be evaluated as an unlawfulness grave enough to warrant quashing the search and seizure in its entirety?”

The primary reading asks about the stage and method at which the relevant information must be selected, while the independent reading asks whether the procedure as a whole can be quashed on the basis of a single unlawfulness alone.

압수·수색에서 나타난 위법이 압수·수색절차 전체를 위법하게 할 정도로 중대하다고 보아 압수·수색을 취소한 원심의 결론을 수긍할 수 있다고 한 사례.

Raw responses and comparison record: Protocol · Blind readings (JSONL) · Axis comparison (JSONL) · SHA-256 (JSON)

Lower-court contrast & scope of application

Lower-court reading vs. Supreme Court holding

Lower-court context: The court below held that, because this search and seizure did not fall within the proviso to Article 122 of the Criminal Procedure Act, which requires cases requiring urgency, the failure to notify the quasi-appellant and others of the date and place of execution, thereby failing to guarantee the right to participate, was unlawful, and, without the need to examine the remaining assertions, including presentation of the original warrant, delivery of the list of seized items, and relevance, it quashed the search and seizure.

Supreme Court standard: The Supreme Court stated that the holding of the court below that the acquisition of electronic information stored on a server did not fall within cases requiring urgency was erroneous, but, taking together the unlawfulness of the failure to present the original warrant, the printing and seizure of the entire content without selection, the failure to guarantee the right to participate, and the failure to deliver a list of the electronic information, it held that the conclusion of the court below that these matters were so grave as to render the entire procedure unlawful was acceptable, and therefore dismissed the reappeal.

Distinguishing conditions

  • Where the investigating authority presented the original warrant to the service provider and seized only the parts of the electronic information it received that were related to the alleged facts, having selected them
  • Where the suspect was given an opportunity to participate in the search and printing process and was delivered a list of the seized electronic information
  • Where the unlawfulness is confined to some part of the procedure and it is difficult to regard it as so grave as to render the entire search and seizure procedure unlawful

Record verification notes

Before asserting the same conclusion, one must check from the investigation record the manner in which the warrant was executed, the scope of the electronic information delivered by the service provider, the circumstances of the investigating authority's selection and printing, and whether a list was delivered.

From the official text

Points at issue

수사기관이 준항고인을 피의자로 하여 발부받은 압수·수색영장에 기하여 인터넷서비스업체인 갑 주식회사를 상대로 갑 회사의 본사 서버에 저장되어 있는 준항고인의 전자정보인 카카오톡 대화내용 등에 대하여 압수·수색을 실시하였는데, 준항고인은 수사기관이 압수·수색 과정에서 참여권을 보장하지 않는 등의 위법이 있다는 이유로 압수·수색의 취소를 청구한 사안에서, 압수·수색에서 나타난 위법이 압수·수색절차 전체를 위법하게 할 정도로 중대하다고 보아 압수·수색을 취소한 원심의 결론을 수긍한 사례

Unofficial English translation

In a matter where the investigative authority conducted a search and seizure, pursuant to a search and seizure warrant issued with the quasi-appellant as the suspect, against Company A, an Internet service provider, as to the quasi-appellant's electronic information such as KakaoTalk conversation records stored in Company A's head office server, and the quasi-appellant claimed the cancellation of the search and seizure on the ground that there was illegality in that the investigative authority did not guarantee the right to participate, among others, in the course of the search and seizure, a case affirming the conclusion of the court below, which canceled the search and seizure on the ground that the illegality revealed in the search and seizure was serious enough to render the entire search and seizure procedure illegal.

Summary of the holding

수사기관이 준항고인을 피의자로 하여 발부받은 압수·수색영장에 기하여 인터넷서비스업체인 갑 주식회사를 상대로 갑 회사의 본사 서버에 저장되어 있는 준항고인의 전자정보인 카카오톡 대화내용 등에 대하여 압수·수색을 실시하였는데, 준항고인은 수사기관이 압수·수색 과정에서 참여권을 보장하지 않는 등의 위법이 있다는 이유로 압수·수색의 취소를 청구한 사안에서, 수사기관이 압수·수색영장을 집행할 때 처분의 상대방인 갑 회사에 영장을 팩스로 송부하였을 뿐 영장 원본을 제시하지 않은 점, 갑 회사는 서버에서 일정 기간의 준항고인의 카카오톡 대화내용을 모두 추출한 다음 그중에서 압수·수색영장의 범죄사실과 관련된 정보만을 분리하여 추출할 수 없어 그 기간의 모든 대화내용을 수사기관에 이메일로 전달하였는데, 여기에는 준항고인이 자신의 부모, 친구 등과 나눈 일상적 대화 등 혐의사실과 관련 없는 내용이 포함되어 있는 점, 수사기관은 압수·수색 과정에서 준항고인에게 미리 집행의 일시와 장소를 통지하지 않았고, 갑 회사로부터 준항고인의 카카오톡 대화내용을 취득한 뒤 전자정보를 탐색·출력하는 과정에서도 준항고인에게 참여 기회를 부여하지 않았으며, 혐의사실과 관련된 부분을 선별하지 않고 그 일체를 출력하여 증거물로 압수하였고, 압수·수색영장 집행 이후 갑 회사와 준항고인에게 압수한 전자정보 목록을 교부하지 않은 점 등 제반 사정에 비추어 볼 때, 원심이 갑 회사의 본사 서버에 보관된 준항고인의 카카오톡 대화내용에 대한 압수·수색영장의 집행에 의하여 전자정보를 취득하는 것이 참여권자에게 통지하지 않을 수 있는 형사소송법 제122조 단서의 ‘급속을 요하는 때’에 해당하지 않는다고 판단한 것은 잘못이나, 그 과정에서 압수·수색영장의 원본을 제시하지 않은 위법, 수사기관이 갑 회사로부터 입수한 전자정보에서 범죄 혐의사실과 관련된 부분의 선별 없이 그 일체를 출력하여 증거물로 압수한 위법, 그 과정에서 서비스이용자로서 실질적 피압수자이자 피의자인 준항고인에게 참여권을 보장하지 않은 위법과 압수한 전자정보 목록을 교부하지 않은 위법을 종합하면, 압수·수색에서 나타난 위법이 압수·수색절차 전체를 위법하게 할 정도로 중대하다고 보아 압수·수색을 취소한 원심의 결론을 수긍할 수 있다고 한 사례.

Order

재항고를 기각한다.

Unofficial English translation

The re-appeal is dismissed.

Provisions referred to

형사소송법 제121조, 제122조, 제129조, 제215조, 제219조, 제415조, 제417조

Read 2026-10-16 · Cross-read 2026-10-16. All quotes matched against the official text. The Chinese-character placeholders the court used for anonymised parties are given in their Korean readings, and parenthetical Chinese-character glosses are omitted.

Every entry is published only after all quotes have been matched character by character against the official text, and audited by an independent second reading from a different model family across all eight axes. Both agreed axes and text-grounded interpretive divergences are recorded openly. The ledger is a research record, not an assessment of the court or advice on any matter.

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